What are the 2 classifications for tumors?
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The stage of a cancer describes the size of a tumour and how far it has spread from where it originated. The grade describes the appearance of the cancerous cells. If you're diagnosed with cancer, you may have more tests to help determine how far it has progressed. Staging and grading the cancer will
allow the doctors to determine its size, whether it has spread and the best treatment options. There are 2 main types of staging systems used for different types of cancer. Sometimes doctors use a number staging system. The number stages are: The TNM system uses letters and numbers to describe the cancer. This system is used in different ways depending on the kind of cancer you have. For the TNM system: Stages of cancer on Cancer Research UK website The grade of a cancer depends on what the cells look like under a microscope. In general, a lower grade indicates a slower-growing cancer and a higher grade indicates a faster-growing
one. The grading system that's usually used is as follows: Cancer grading on Cancer Research UK website Page last
reviewed: 16 December 2021 This page is about the different types of cancer according to the type of cell they start from. You can read about The main types of cancerOur bodies are made up of billions of cells. The cells are so small that we can only see them under a microscope. Cells group together to make up the tissues and organs of our bodies. They are very similar. But vary in some ways because body organs do very different things. For example, nerves and muscles do different things, so the cells have different structures. There are more than 200 types of cancer and we can classify cancers according to where they start in the body, such as breast cancer or lung cancer. We can also group cancer according to the type of cell they start in. There are 5 main groups. These are:
CarcinomasCarcinomas start in epithelial tissues. These tissues:
Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer. They make up about 85 out of every 100 cancers (85%) in the UK. There are different types of epithelial cells and these can develop into different types of carcinoma. These include:
Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma starts in squamous cells. These are the flat, surface covering cells found in areas such as the skin or the lining of the throat or food pipe (oesophagus). AdenocarcinomaAdenocarcinomas start in glandular cells called adenomatous cells. Glandular cells produce fluids to keep tissues moist. Transitional cell carcinomaTransitional cells are cells that can stretch as an organ expands. They make up tissues called transitional epithelium. An example is the lining of the bladder. Cancers that start in these cells are called transitional cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinomaBasal cells line the deepest layer of skin cells. Cancers that start in these cells are called basal cell carcinomas. SarcomasSarcomas start in connective tissues. These are the supporting tissues of the body. Connective tissues include the bones, cartilage, tendons and fibrous tissue that support organs. Sarcomas are much less common than carcinomas. There are 2 main types:
These make up less than 1 in every 100 cancers (1%) diagnosed every year. Bone sarcomasSarcomas of bone start from bone cells. You can read about bone cancers. Soft tissue sarcomasSoft tissue sarcomas are rare but the most common types start in cartilage or muscle. Cartilage Cancer of the cartilage is called chondrosarcoma. Muscle Cancer of muscle cells is called rhabdomyosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma. You can find out more about soft tissue sarcomas. Leukaemias – cancers of blood cellsLeukaemia is cancer of the white blood cells. The bone marrow Leukaemias are uncommon. They make up only 3 out of 100 of all cancer cases (3%). But they are the most common type of cancer in children. Go to our information about the different types of leukaemia. Lymphomas and myelomaOther types of cancer are lymphomas and myeloma, They are cancers
of the lymphatic system You can read more about the lymphatic system and how cancer may affect it. LymphomasLymphoma is cancer that starts in the lymph glands or cells of
the lymphatic system. It happens because some of the lymphatic system white blood cells (lymphocytes) start to divide in an abnormal way. And don't die as they should. These cells start to divide before they become fully grown (mature) so they can't fight infection. The abnormal lymphocytes start to collect in the lymph nodes or other places such as the bone marrow or spleen. They can then grow into tumours. Lymphomas make up about 5 out of every 100 cancer cases (5%) in the UK. You can find out about lymphomas. MyelomaMyeloma is a cancer that starts in plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow. They produce antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, to help fight infection. Plasma cells can become abnormal and multiply out of control. They make a type of antibody that doesn't work properly to fight infection. Myeloma makes up about 1 out of every 100 cases of cancer (1%) in the UK. You can find out more about myeloma. Brain and spinal cord cancersCancer can start in the cells of the brain or spinal cord. The brain controls the body by sending electrical messages along nerve fibres. The fibres run out of the brain and join together to make the spinal cord, which also takes messages from the body to the brain. The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system. The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurones. It also contains special connective tissue cells called glial cells that support the nerve cells. The most common type of brain tumour develops from glial cells. It is called glioma. Some tumours that start in the brain or spinal cord are non cancerous (benign) and grow very slowly. Others are cancerous and tend to grow and spread. Brain and spinal cord tumours make up about 3 out of every 100 cases of cancer (3%) in the UK. You can read more about brain tumours and spinal cord tumours. What are the classification of tumors?Tumors are traditionally classified four ways: (I) broadly, by tissue, organ, and system; then by (II) specific type, and (III) grade according to WHO classifications; and (IV) finally by spread according to the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) system.
What are the two types of tumors and how are they different?Tumors, however, can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors tend to stay in one place. Malignant tumors grow and may cause new tumors to develop in other parts of your body.
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