Trắc nghiệm hóa hữu cơ đại học y dược năm 2024

1. KIẾN THỨC CẦN NẮM VỮNG I.KHÁI NIỆM: Hợp chất hữu cơ l{ c|c hợp chất của C trừ oxit của C, muối cacbua, muối cacbonat, muối xianua. II. ĐẶC ĐIỂM:-Hợp chất hữu cơ nhất thiết phải chứa C, hay có H thường gặp O ngo{i ra còn có halogen, N, P...-Liên kết chủ yếu trong hợp chất hữu cơ l{ liên kết cộng hóa trị.-C|c hợp chất hữu cơ thường dễ bay hơi, dễ ch|y, kém bền nhiệt.-C|c phản ứng trong ho| học hữu cơ thường chậm, không ho{n to{n, xảy ra theo nhiều hướng thường phải đun nóng v{ có xúc t|c. III.ĐỒNG ĐẲNG: l{ hiện tượng c|c chất hữu cơ có cấu tạo v{ tính chất hóa học tương tự nhau nhưng th{nh phần ph}n tử kh|c nhau một hay nhiều nhóm-CH2. IV. ĐỒNG PHÂN: Đồng ph}n l{ c|c chất hữu cơ có cùng công thức ph}n tử nhưng cấu tạo kh|c nhau nên tính chất hóa học kh|c nhau. V.CÁC LOẠI CÔNG THỨC:-Công thức tổng quát l{ công thức cho biết hợp chất hữu cơ chứa nguyên tử của những nguyên tố nào.-Công thức đơn giản nhất l{ công thức cho biết tỷ lệ tối giản số nguyên tử mỗi nguyên tố trong hợp chất hữu cơ.-Công thức phân tử l{ công thức cho biết số nguyên tử mỗi nguyên tố có trong hợp chất hữu cơ.-Công thức cấu tạo l{ công thức cho biết thứ tự liên kết v{ kiểu liên kết giữa c|c nguyên tử trong hợp chất hữu cơ. VI. LẬP CÔNG THỨC PHÂN TỬ HỢP CHẤT HỮU CƠ

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