The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.
Herzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, argues that there are two factors that an organization can adjust to influence motivation in the workplace. Show
These factors are:
NoteHerzberg’s Motivation Theory model goes by a number of different names, including Two Factor Theory, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, and Duel Structure Theory. We will use these terms interchangeably in this article. Frederick Herzberg developed the model in 1959. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals. The interviews delved into when the interviewees were at their most and least happiest with their jobs. Other motivation theories you may want to learn about include Equity Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. What is Two Factor Theory?Herzberg’s Theory of Motivation tries to get to the root of motivation in the workplace. You can leverage this theory to help you get the best performance from your team. The two factors identified by Herzberg are motivators and hygiene factors. 1. Motivating FactorsThe presence of motivators causes employees to work harder. They are found within the actual job itself. 2. Hygiene FactorsThe absence of hygiene factors will cause employees to work less hard. Hygiene factors are not present in the actual job itself but surround the job. The impact of motivating and hygiene factors is summarized in the following diagram. Note that you will often see motivators referred to as factors for satisfaction, and hygiene factors referred to as factors for dissatisfaction.
Examples of motivating and hygiene factors are shown in the following diagram.
Motivating factors include:
Hygiene factors include:
The Four StatsIn a general sense, there are four states an organization or team can find themselves in when it comes to Two Factor Theory. 1. High Hygiene and High MotivationThis is the ideal situation and the one which every manager should strive for. Here, all employees are motivated and have very few grievances. 2. High Hygiene and Low MotivationIn this situation, employees have few grievances but they are not highly motivated. An example of this situation is where pay and working conditions are competitive but the work isn’t very interesting. Employees are simply there to collect their salary. 3. Low Hygiene and High MotivationIn this situation, employees are highly motivated but they have a lot of grievances. A typical example of this situation is where the work is exciting and really interesting but the pay and conditions are behind competitors in the same industry. 4. Low Hygiene and Low MotivationThis is obviously a bad situation for an organization or team to find itself in. Here, employees aren’t motivated and the hygiene factors are not up to scratch. How to Use The ModelThere is a two-step process to use the Two Factor Theory model to increase the motivation of your team.
1. Eliminate Job Hygiene StressorsThe first step to enhancing the motivation of your team is to ensure that the hygiene factors are not causing dissatisfaction. Each person will examine hygiene factors through their own unique frame of reference. Because of this, it’s important to work with each member of your team to understand their specific perspective. Some common steps to remove hygiene stressors are:
2. Boost Job SatisfactionOnce you have removed hygiene stressors, the next step is to boost the job satisfaction of each team member. We can do this by improving the actual content of the job itself. Again, a unique approach for each employee will be required. Three techniques which can be used to achieve this are: a. Job EnrichmentJob enrichment means enriching a team member’s job by giving them more challenging or complex tasks to perform. These more complex tasks should make the job more interesting. b. Job EnlargementJob enlargement means giving a team member a greater variety of tasks to perform. This variety can also make a job more interesting. Note that with job enlargement the variety of tasks is increased, but not the difficulty of those tasks. If difficulty increased then that would be job enrichment. c. Employee EmpowermentEmployee empowerment means deligating increasing responsibility to each team member. This can be done by slowly increasing the amount of responsibility you delegate to an employee. Learn more about how to delegate. Limitations of the TheorySome common criticisms of Herzberg’s Motivation Theory include:
SummaryHerzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, provides two factors that affect motivation in the workplace. These factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors. Hygiene factors will cause an employee to work less if not present. Motivating factors will encourage an employee to work harder if present. To use the theory within your team, start by getting any hygiene issues resolved. Once you have done this, you can boost motivation by putting in place as many motivating factors as practical. What is the name of Herzberg's theory?The 'hygiene-motivation' or 'two factor' theory resulted from research with two hundred Pittsburgh engineers and accountants. Herzberg aimed to dissect employee's attitudes to their jobs, to discover what prompted these attitudes, and what impact they had on the person and their motivation to work.
Which theory is based on hygiene and motivational factors?Frederick Herzberg theorized that employee satisfaction has two dimensions: “hygiene” and motivation. Hygiene issues, such as salary and supervision, decrease employees' dissatisfaction with the work environment. Motivators, such as recognition and achievement, make workers more productive, creative and committed.
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