List of unchecked exceptions in Java

Exception is an unwanted or unexpected event, which occurs during the execution of a program, i.e. at run time, that disrupts the normal flow of the program’s instructions. In Java, there are two types of exceptions:

1. Checked exceptions
2. Unchecked exceptions

Checked Exceptions

These are the exceptions that are checked at compile time. If some code within a method throws a checked exception, then the method must either handle the exception or it must specify the exception using the throws keyword. In checked exception, there are two types: fully checked and partially checked exceptions. A fully checked exception is a checked exception where all its child classes are also checked, like IOException, InterruptedException. A partially checked exception is a checked exception where some of its child classes are unchecked, like Exception.

For example, consider the following Java program that opens the file at location “C:\test\a.txt” and prints the first three lines of it. The program doesn’t compile, because the function main() uses FileReader() and FileReader() throws a checked exception FileNotFoundException. It also uses readLine() and close() methods, and these methods also throw checked exception IOException

Example:

Java

import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

        FileReader file = new FileReader("C:\\test\\a.txt");

        BufferedReader fileInput = new BufferedReader(file);

        for (int counter = 0; counter < 3; counter++)

            System.out.println(fileInput.readLine());

        fileInput.close();

    }

}

Output: 

To fix the above program, we either need to specify a list of exceptions using throws, or we need to use a try-catch block. We have used throws in the below program. Since FileNotFoundException is a subclass of IOException, we can just specify IOException in the throws list and make the above program compiler-error-free.

Example:

Java

import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    public static void main(String[] args)

        throws IOException

    {

        FileReader file = new FileReader("C:\\test\\a.txt");

        BufferedReader fileInput = new BufferedReader(file);

        for (int counter = 0; counter < 3; counter++)

            System.out.println(fileInput.readLine());

        fileInput.close();

    }

}

Output: 

First three lines of file "C:\test\a.txt"

Unchecked Exceptions 

These are the exceptions that are not checked at compile time. In C++, all exceptions are unchecked, so it is not forced by the compiler to either handle or specify the exception. It is up to the programmers to be civilized, and specify or catch the exceptions. In Java, exceptions under Error and RuntimeException classes are unchecked exceptions, everything else under throwable is checked. 

Consider the following Java program. It compiles fine, but it throws ArithmeticException when run. The compiler allows it to compile because ArithmeticException is an unchecked exception.

Example:

Java

class GFG {

    public static void main(String args[])

    {

        int x = 0;

        int y = 10;

        int z = y / x;

    }

}

Output: 

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    at Main.main(Main.java:5)
Java Result: 1

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

What are the unchecked exceptions in Java?

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