If you wanted to compare the land area of various countries which map type would be best to use

Mapped: Which Countries Still Have a Monarchy?

In the wake of Queen Elizabeth II’s death, the question of monarchy is brought sharply into focus.

However, a surprising number of countries have ruling monarchs, and in this visual we break down the kinds of royal leadership across the 43 countries that still have them.

Types of Monarchies

A monarch in the simplest sense is a country’s king, queen, emir, or sultan, and so on. But before diving in, it’s important to break down the distinctions between the types of monarchies that exist today. Generally, there are four kinds:

① Constitutional Monarchy

The monarch divides power with a constitutionally founded government. In this situation, the monarch, while having ceremonial duties and certain responsibilities, does not have any political power. For example, the UK’s monarch must sign all laws to make them official, but has no power to change or reject new laws.

Here are some examples of countries with constitutional monarchies:

🇯🇵  Japan
🇬🇧  United Kingdom
🇩🇰  Denmark

② Absolute Monarchy

The monarch has full and absolute political power. They can amend, reject, or create laws, represent the country’s interests abroad, appoint political leaders, and so on.

Here are some examples of countries with absolute monarchies:

🇸🇿  Eswatini
🇸🇦  Saudi Arabia
🇻🇦  Vatican City

③ Federal Monarchy

The monarch serves an overall figurehead of the federation of states which have their own governments, or even monarchies, ruling them.

Here are some examples of countries with federal monarchies:

🇦🇪  UAE
🇲🇾  Malaysia

Malaysia is a unique form of federal monarchy. Every five years, each state’s royal leaders choose amongst themselves who will be the monarch, or the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, of Malaysia and the respective states. Furthermore, the monarchy is also constitutional, allowing a democratically elected body to govern.

④ Mixed Monarchy

This is a situation wherein an absolute monarch may divide powers in distinct ways specific to the country.

Here are some examples of countries with mixed monarchies:

🇯🇴  Jordan
🇱🇮  Liechtenstein
🇲🇦  Morocco

Interestingly, Liechtenstein is the only European monarchy that still practises strict agnatic primogeniture. Under agnatic primogeniture, the degree of kinship is determined by tracing descent from the nearest common ancestor through male ancestors.

Kings, Queens, Emperors, and Sultans Around the Globe

Now let’s break down the different monarchies country by country:

CountryType of MonarchyTitle of Head of StateMonarchTitle of Head of Government
🇦🇩 Andorra Constitutional Co-Princes Joan-Enric Vives, Emmanuel Macron Prime Minister
🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇦🇺 Australia Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇧🇭 Bahrain Mixed King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Prime Minister
🇧🇪 Belgium Constitutional King Philippe Prime Minister
🇧🇿 Belize Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇧🇹 Bhutan Constitutional King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Prime Minister
🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam Absolute Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan
🇰🇭 Cambodia Constitutional King Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister
🇨🇦 Canada Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇩🇰 Denmark Constitutional Queen Margrethe II Prime Minister
🇸🇿 Eswatini Absolute King Mswati III Prime Minister
🇬🇩 Grenada Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇯🇲 Jamaica Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇯🇵 Japan Constitutional Emperor Naruhito Prime Minister
🇯🇴 Jordan Mixed King Abdullah II Prime Minister
🇰🇼 Kuwait Mixed Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister
🇱🇸 Lesotho Constitutional King Letsie III Prime Minister
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein Mixed Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II Prime Minister
🇱🇺 Luxembourg Constitutional Grand Duke Henri Prime Minister
🇲🇾 Malaysia Constitutional & Federal Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah Prime Minister
🇲🇨 Monaco Mixed Sovereign Prince Albert II Minister of State
🇲🇦 Morocco Mixed King Mohammed VI Prime Minister
🇳🇱 Netherlands Constitutional King Willem-Alexander Prime Minister
🇳🇿 New Zealand Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇳🇴 Norway Constitutional King Harald V Prime Minister
🇴🇲 Oman Absolute Sultan Haitham bin Tarik Sultan
🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇶🇦 Qatar Mixed Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Prime Minister
🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇱🇨 Saint Lucia Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Absolute King Salman Prime Minister
🇸🇧 Solomon Islands Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇪🇸 Spain Constitutional King Felipe VI President of the Government
🇸🇪 Sweden Constitutional King Carl XVI Gustaf Prime Minister
🇹🇭 Thailand Constitutional King Rama X Prime Minister
🇧🇸 The Bahamas Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇹🇴 Tonga Constitutional King Tupou VI Prime Minister
🇹🇻 Tuvalu Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇦🇪 UAE Federal President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Prime Minister
🇬🇧 UK Constitutional King Charles III Prime Minister
🇻🇦 Vatican City Absolute Pope Francis President of the Pontifical Commission

Constitutional monarchies are undoubtedly the most popular form of royal leadership in the modern era⁠, making up close to 70% of all monarchies. This situation allows for democratically elected governments to rule the country, while the monarch performs ceremonial duties.

Most monarchs are hereditary, inheriting their position by luck of their birth, but interestingly, French president, Emmanuel Macron, technically serves as a Co-Prince of Andorra.

Another unique case is the Vatican’s Pope Francis, who has absolute power in the small independent city⁠—he gained his role thanks to an election process known as a papal conclave.

The Role of Monarchies

One of the most notable and famous ruling monarchies is the United Kingdom’s House of Windsor⁠—also known as Queen Elizabeth II’s family. King Charles III has now ascended to the country’s throne, making him head of state in 15 nations total, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Many see the benefit in having a stable and consistent form of tradition and decorum at the country’s head of state.

“The Crown is an integral part of the institution of Parliament. The Queen [now King] plays a constitutional role in opening and dissolving Parliament and approving Bills before they become law.” – British Parliament

Japan’s royal family has been a prime example of stability, having reigned in the country for more than 2,600 years under the same hereditary line.

Critiques and the Future of Monarchy

Some claim, however, that there is no function of monarchy in the modern day, and complaints of monarchies’ immense wealth and power are rampant.

For example, according to the Dutch government, King Willem-Alexander’s budget for 2022, funded by the state and thus, taxpayers, comes out to more than €48 million.

Beyond tax dollars, with absolute monarchies there is typically a lack of political freedoms and certain rights. Saudi Arabia, for example, has no national elections. Rather its king, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, stays in power for life, appoints the cabinet himself, and passes laws by royal decree.

The death of Queen Elizabeth, though, may bring about change though for many of the world’s royally-governed. Since Barbados’ removal of her as head of state in 2021, six other Caribbean nations have expressed the desire to do the same, namely:

🇧🇿  Belize
🇧🇸  The Bahamas
🇯🇲  Jamaica
🇬🇩  Grenada
🇦🇬  Antigua and Barbuda
🇰🇳  St. Kitts and Nevis

The future of monarchy in the 21st century is certainly not a guarantee.

Which is the best map to use if you wanted to look at the size and shape of individual countries?

Gnomonic Projection This type of map is called a gnomonic map projection (Figure below). The paper only touches Earth at one point. The sizes and shapes of countries near that point are good. The poles are often mapped this way to avoid distortion.

Which map projection should I use?

Use equal area projections for thematic or distribution maps. Presentation maps are usually conformal projections, although compromise and equal area projections can also be used. Navigational maps are usually Mercator, true direction, and/or equidistant.

What type of projection is best for the correct size of landmasses?

The Winkel tripel projection (Winkel III), a modified azimuthal map projection of the world, is one of three projections proposed by Oswald Winkel in 1921. provides a good balance between the size and shape of land areas.

What is the best map of the world?

The AuthaGraph Is The World's Most Accurate Map.