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According to Harvard philosopher John Rawls we should follow these principles of justice and build them into our social institutions:

Principle 1: Each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties that are compatible with similar liberties for all.
Principle 2: Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (A) They are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. (B) They are to provide the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society.

Veil of Ignorance
If a group stands behind a veil of ignorance they will choose:
(a) equal liberty, because they would want the maximum amount of freedom to pursue their interests;
(b) equal opportunity, because if they turned out to be the most talented members of society, they would probably land the best jobs and elected offices;
(c) the difference principle, because they would want to be sure they were cared for if they ended up disadvantaged.
Applications of this model

Follow fairness guidelines

Weigh both individual freedom and the good of the community when decision making

Step behind the veil of ignorance when making choices
Cautions of this model:

Principles can be applied only to democratic societies

Groups disagree about the meaning of justice and fairness

Lack of consensus about the most important rights

Which of the following is a problem with the utilitarian principle of ethical decision

Perhaps the greatest difficulty with utilitarianism is that it fails to take into account considerations of justice. We can imagine instances where a certain course of action would produce great benefits for society, but they would be clearly unjust.

What are the problems in ethical decision

They are:.
Lack of knowledge of Ethical Standards..
Financial Incentives..
Perfectionism..
Fear of Criticism/Scrutiny by Others..
High Affiliative Needs..
Personal and/or Professional Immaturity..
Counsellor Substance Abuse..
Lack of Personal Values Clarification..

What is utilitarianism in ethical decision

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It is a form of consequentialism. Utilitarianism holds that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number.

What is the utilitarian principle quizlet?

Utilitarianism: a theory in normative ethics holding that the moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, including as pleasure, economic well-being and the lack of suffering. The Good: All things are are good either because they are pleasures or are connected with pleasure.