How does educational Endogamy affect economic inequality in the United States?
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We analyze the association between spouses’ earnings taking account of non-linearities along both spouses’ distribution of earnings. We also document the non-linearity of the relationships between earnings and labor force participation, earnings and couple formation, and earnings and number of children. Using simulations, we then analyze how changes in spouses’ rank-dependence structure, labor force participation and couple formation contribute to the upsurge in inequality in the U.S between 1967 and 2018. We find that an increased tendency towards positive sorting contributed substantially to the rise in inequality only among dual-earner couples, while it contributed little to overall inequality across households. Temporal and distributional heterogeneity are important, as earnings association had a more substantial role in the bottom of the earnings distribution and in recent years. The decline in couple formation contributed substantially to the rise in inequality, while the increase in female labor force participation and the fertility decline had equalizing effects. Show
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We also acknowledge useful comments from the participants in the IZA World Labor Conference - Berlin, the Intergenerational Mobility, Gender and Family Formation in the Long Run workshop in Oslo, the annual meetings of Society of the Economics of the Household at the Paris School of Economics and in Lisbon, the Third Applied Microeconomics Workshop at the Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, the annual Meeting of Italian Society of Economic Inequality in Turin, and a seminar at University of Florence, Department of Economics and Management. FundingOpen access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Trento within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. William Nilsson acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant # RTI2018-094733-B-I00. Author informationAuthors and Affiliations
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Corresponding authorCorrespondence to Luca Piccoli. Ethics declarationsConflict of interestThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Additional informationPublisher’s NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supplementary informationESM 1(DOCX 176 kb) Rights and permissionsOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Reprints and Permissions About this articleCite this articleGrossbard, S., Mangiavacchi, L., Nilsson, W. et al. Spouses’ earnings association and inequality: A non-linear perspective. J Econ Inequal 20, 611–638 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-022-09539-5 Which of the following is an example of endogamy?FEEDBACK: Endogamy refers to marriage and reproduction within a distinct group. If someone marries someone within their racial group, this is an example of endogamy.
How is endogamy identified?endogamy, also called in-marriage, custom enjoining one to marry within one's own group. The penalties for transgressing endogamous restrictions have varied greatly among cultures and have ranged from death to mild disapproval. When marriage to an outside group is mandated, it is referred to as exogamy.
How does the economic impact marriage and family?Growing income inequality means fewer marriages.
The uneven economic recovery and disappearing American middle class mean that fewer Americans are tying the knot. Historically, marriage rates have fallen during periods of income inequality, as poorer workers tend to get married less often and divorce more frequently.
Which type of cohabitation is the least likely to lead to divorce after marriage?Second, they show that premarital cohabitation is associated with a lower risk for divorce, but only very early in marriage (in the first year); in contrast, the finding flips, with premarital cohabitation being associated with higher risks for divorce in years after that first year.
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