Pathways 1 listening, speaking and critical thinking answer key pdf

Foundations Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Answer Key Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States PW_LS_SBF_AnsKey_pp2.indd 1 12/19/17 7:04 PM Bringing the world to the classroom and the classroom to life A PART OF CENGAGE NGL.Cengage.com/ELT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED – NOT FOR RESALE ansWER KEY Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key © 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. “National Geographic”, “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society ® Marcas Registradas

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National Geographic Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company, has a mission to bring the world to the classroom and the classroom to life. With our English language programs, students learn about their world by experiencing it. Through our partnerships with National Geographic and TED Talks, they develop the language and skills they need to be successful global citizens and leaders. Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region Visit National Geographic Learning online at NGL.Cengage.com/ELT Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com UNIT 1 SAME AND DIFFERENT THINK AND DISCUSS [page 1] 1. Possible answers: The U.S. considers driving or voting to be markers of adulthood. The age to drive differs by state, but is usually 16. You must be 18 to vote. 2. The girls are both wearing traditional clothing for the Coming of Age ceremony in Japan. They have the same style, but different color kimonos [dresses]. The flowers in their hair are different colors. The wraps around their necks look the same. 3. Answers will vary. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 2–3] 1. Soccer, basketball, cricket. The sport that people love most is soccer. 2. Possible answers: Same: They all use balls, they are all team sports, they all use a point system to win. Different: You use your feet in soccer; in basketball and cricket, you use your hands. In basketball and soccer, you score points by putting the ball into something [basket/goal]; in cricket, you hit the ball and run to score points. In soccer, players kick the ball; in basketball players throw the ball; in cricket players hit the ball with a paddle. 3. Answers will vary. LESSON A Vocabulary D [page 5] Possible answers in italic. Country Language Saudi Arabia English Brazil United States China Mexico 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. LISTENING jazz pop classical rap A Lecture on Twins A [page 6] vacation science music kind friendly favorite shy hobby rock play listen to watch go speak play do ride go BEFORE LISTENING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Music E [page 5] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. C [page 4] Hobby soccer reading [UK football] Arabic volleyball taking pictures drawing Portuguese baseball writing Chinese tennis poems riding bikes Spanish basketball B [page 4] favorite music science friendly kind hobby shy vacation Sport Possible answers: They both have the same hair color, smiles, and general look. The man on the left has a suit on; the man on the right looks more relaxed, less serious. B [page 6] Possible answers: 1. Most identical twins have the same hair color, eye color, and other facial features. They are either both male or both female and their height is often the same. They might have different hair or clothing styles, and they may act differently. 2. Identical twins look the same, but fraternal twins do not; they usually look different. One may be male and the other female. One may have brown hair and the other blonde. WHILE LISTENING C [page 6] Possible answers: 1. Identical twins are from one egg. 2. Fraternal twins are from two eggs. 3 D [page 6]  1. The two boys lived with different families.  3. Their wives were named Linda and Betty.  7. They both named a son James. E. [page 7] Jim Springer Both Jim Lewis -married two times -6 feet tall -named son -180 pounds “James Allan” -police officers -short hair -dog named “Toy” -same type of car -Florida vacations -first wife Linda -second wife Betty -good at math -bad at spelling -make things with wood -married three times -named son “James Alan” -long hair 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Are ’re not / aren’t ’re are ’m Are were ’re Are was ’m was E [page 10] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Where are you from? What do you do? How about you? Can you believe this weather? Do you play any sports? What are your hobbies? AFTER LISTENING LESSON TASK F [page 7] A–C [page 11] 1. Answers will vary. 2. Possible answer: Life might be difficult because people compare them. It might be easy because they have each other as friends. Answers will vary. SPEAKING A [page 8] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. are is is was were was isn’t wasn’t are aren’t is is B [page 9] Answers will vary. C [page 9] 1. 2. 3. 4. 4 ’m is ’s is Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations VIDEO Coming of Age BEFORE VIEWING A [page 12] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. d a e b c 2. 3. 4. 5. F [They’re finding food, not water.] F T T WHILE LISTENING G [page 13] C [page 17] Answers will vary. 1. b 2. a, e H [page 13] Note: In the United States, both girls and boys can vote at age 18 and can usually drive at age 16. Also, in some places, especially the South, some families celebrate their daughter’s 16th birthday with a “Sweet 16” party. LESSON B Vocabulary B [page 14] Quiz: How Typical are You? Answers 1. 5 feet 11 inches; 5 feet 4 inches 2. 86, 45 3. 15, 21 4. 69, 87 5. 30, 100 6. 80, 30 C [page 15] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. adult change teenager grow up typical parents the world years old D [page 15] Answers will vary. Answers will vary. E [page 15] WHILE VIEWING Answers will vary. E [page 13] LISTENING A Conversation about the Teenage Brain F [page 13] 1. F 2. T 3. T AFTER VIEWING B–D [pages 12–13] Possible answer: Fulani boys have to take their cows on a trip during the wet season. The cows cannot stay there when there’s a lot of water, so the boys travel with the cows to the Sahel Desert, near the Sahara, to find food for them. They return home after about eight months. If their cows look good, then the boys have “come of age” or become men. B [page 16] D [page 17] teenager brain feelings E [page 17]  family  friends  experiences  media AFTER LISTENING F [page 17] Answers will vary. SPEAKING A [page 18] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b. I’m not shy. a. It is typical to feel that way. b. He isn’t a teenager. He’s an adult. a. She is a child. She is six years old. b. We’re not only brothers. We’re twins. b. They aren’t my parents. They’re my friends. B–E [pages 18–19] Answers will vary. FINAL TASK A–E [pages 19–20] Answers will vary. BEFORE LISTENING A [page 16] Possible answers: Teenagers: in school, between ages 13–19, still growing Adults: work, over 20, often married, sometimes have children 1. T [Near the end of the video, it says he is on his way home after 3 months, though at the beginning it says the trips can take almost eight months.] Answer Key 5 UNIT 2 LOVE YOUR JOB THINK AND DISCUSS [page 21] 1. Possible answers: They work with airplanes in some way. They’re engineers. 2. Possible answer: They need to study math and science. 3. Answers will vary. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 22–23] 1. Possible answer: He is tired. He is probably stressed because he needs to study a lot for the college entrance exam. 2. Answers will vary. 3. Answers will vary. WHILE LISTENING D [page 27] 1. 2. 3. 4. help other people create things thank them happy co-workers E [page 27] 1. teachers, engineers 2. Possible answers: help other people, create things, a boss that thanks them, happy co-workers AFTER LISTENING LESSON A Vocabulary F [page 27] C [page 25] Answers will vary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SPEAKING work satisfied exciting boss together boring try create E [page 33]  learn  sell  help H [page 29] Possible answer: salesperson or manager I [page 30] Possible answers: Salesperson Engineer Teacher AFTER VIEWING talks with people uses a computer creates web pages works with others writes talks with people teaches calls customers uses a computer works with others explains sells products talks with people uses a computer creates products works with others explains talks with people teaches uses a computer creates activities works with others writes explains F [page 33] Answers will vary. D [page 25] Answers will vary. LESSON TASK of Jobs C [page 28] A–F [page 31] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Answers will vary. The final two rows are possible answers. Word Antonym boring exciting, interesting together alone satisfied unhappy happy sad enjoy/like dislike needs help takes brings create D [page 28] Answers will vary. E [page 29] Wanted: Adventure Storyteller BEFORE VIEWING B [page 32] Possible answers: One way to get a job is to hear about it from a friend. Another way is to read about it on the Internet. A third way is to hear it about it from a teacher. A fourth way is to hear about it from your parents. 2. [] what makes people happy at work C [page 26] F [page 29] WHILE VIEWING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Check [] the following:  call  talk to customers  show  explain D [page 33] Answers will vary. LISTENING at work? Online Lecture: Who’s happy BEFORE LISTENING B [page 26] 6 F T T F F Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations creates:/s/ reads: /z/ fixes: /əz/ gives: /z/ knows: /z/ washes: /əz/ helps: /s/ tries: /z/ catches: /əz/ sits: /s/ VIDEO Discussing Different Types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. E [page 25] job description hire dream create risks makes you tick Web Designer A [page 28] B [page 28] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. C [page 32] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. f d e a c b 1. Possible answers: Being outside, being with his son, meeting adventurers and telling their stories, writing, making movies, National Geographic magazines 2. Answers will vary. LESSON B Vocabulary B [page 34] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. enjoy advice skills manager own company contacts fail C [page 35] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. d f e a g b c D [page 35] 1. Possible answers: teachers, friends, co-workers, parents, parents’ friends 2. Answers will vary. 3. Possible answers: Pros: more money, work with people, be in charge Cons: more work, more responsibility, more stress b d a c b Answer Key 7 LISTENING Jobs An Interview about 21st Century BEFORE LISTENING A [page 36] Answers will vary. WHILE LISTENING B [page 36]  2. People can create their own jobs now.  3. The digital age provides opportunities for new jobs.  6. People are creative and find out what people need. C [page 36] 1. create 2. jobs 3. computer; changing; creative D [page 37] 1. 2. 3. 4. Do what you enjoy and use the skills that you have. Ask the question: What do people need? Talk to all of your contacts. Just try it. B [page 38] UNIT 3 UNUSUAL DESTINATIONS Possible answer: Failing can be good for people. You have to fail a lot in order to make yourself or your product better. THINK AND DISCUSS [page 41] 1. This is a photo of Saint Basil’s Cathedral State Historical Museum in Russia. It is nighttime. 2. Answers will vary. 3. Answers will vary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A–F [pages 39–40] EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 42–23] WHILE LISTENING Answers will vary. Answers will vary. C [page 39] Answers will vary. FINAL TASK LESSON A Vocabulary B [page 44] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. famous unusual beautiful crowded visit tourists quiet area C [page 45] AFTER LISTENING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. F [page 37] D [page 45] 1. Possible answers: Work first as a volunteer. You can learn more about the job and meet the people that work there. Show the boss your work. Then when a job opens up, you will have experience and contacts there. 2. Answers will vary. Possible answers for the added synonyms: 1. go to, see, stop by 2. pretty, lovely, nice, attractive 3. peaceful, calm, relaxing, laid-back 4. full, packed, busy 5. traveler, visitor E [page 37] 1. 2. 3. 4. d a b c G [page 37] Possible answers: Pros: can do what you love, are your own boss, get to make all of the decisions, can set your own hours Cons: is a lot of responsibility, can be stressful, must make all of the decisions, can cost a lot of money in the beginning SPEAKING A [page 38] Possible answers: 1. They all failed at first, but then became very successful and famous. 2. Do not stop trying. Trying hard is important and can bring you success. 8 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations B [page 47] quiet area visit unusual beautiful crowded famous tourist F T F F T T C [page 47] #2:     Unusual places are great to travel to. #4:     Southeast Asia has a variety of unusual places. D [page 47] 1. Indonesia 2. Thailand 3. Vietnam E [page 47] 1. c 2. a 3. b AFTER LISTENING F [page 47] 1. Possible answer: A Different Kind of Trip is the likely answer. She speaks of unusual places and encourages the audience to travel to unknown places. Students learned that different is a synonym for unusual. 2. Answers will vary. SPEAKING A [page 48] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Disagree; That’s interesting! I don’t. Agree; I don’t, either. Agree; Me, too! Disagree; Oh, really? I do. Agree; I do, too. E [page 45] B [page 48] Answers will vary. Answers will vary. LISTENING Presentation: Unusual Southeast Asia BEFORE LISTENING A [page 46] Answers will vary. C [page 49] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. I’m looking I’m riding are walking is driving are walking are resting ’re smiling Answer Key 9 D [page 50] AFTER VIEWING AFTER LISTENING Answers will vary. F [page 53] D [page 57] E [page 50] Answers will vary. Possible answers: G [page 53]  2. Maria likes to go to unknown places.  4. You need warm clothes inside the ICEHOTEL. Typical Place Possible answers: Pros: brings money to town, more jobs for local people Cons: crowded and hard to get around town, town may be dirty or have too much trash Pros: easy to get to, often cheaper, lots of hotels and restaurants Cons: crowded, noisy, long lines waiting to see things Unusual Place Pros: special, real, local people are easier to talk to/may want to learn about you Cons: difficult to get to, difficult to find a good hotel/restaurant F [page 50] Answers will vary. LESSON TASK A–C [page 51] Answers will vary. VIDEO Monkey City BEFORE VIEWING A [page 52] Answers will vary. B [page 52] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. c e a b d Vocabulary C [page 55] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. e f a h d c b g D–E [page 55] Answers will vary. LISTENING A Conversation about a Vacation BEFORE LISTENING A [page 56] WHILE LISTENING B [page 56] C [page 53] Answers will vary. D [page 53] 1.  Bring food to the monkeys;  Bring tourists to the city 2. sunglasses 3. food, water E [page 53] Possible answers: They are eating. They are climbing. They are stealing. They are being naughty. They are sitting. They are running. Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations A [page 58] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2 ho-tel 1 love 3 va-ca-tion 2 spe-cial 3 a-re-a 3 to-ge-ther 1 view 3 com-pa-ny 3 ma-na-ger 2 fa-mous B [page 58] Answers will vary. WHILE VIEWING 10 LESSON B SPEAKING 1. b C [page 57] Possible answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. hotel love vacation special area together view company manager famous C [page 59] Possible answers: Pros: A guide can give you a lot of information about the places you visit. You don’t have to worry about getting lost. Cons: You are on a schedule and may have to hurry in places. You cannot do things other than what is scheduled on the tour. Sometimes other people can be difficult to travel with. You may not go exactly where you want. Who Maria is talking to Juan about her vacation. What Maria went to the ICEHOTEL for her vacation. FINAL TASK Where The ICEHOTEL is in Lapland, Sweden. It is 200 km north of the Arctic Circle. A–E [pages 59–60] When Maria went to the ICEHOTEL in winter. The hotel is open from December to April. Why Maria went to the ICEHOTEL because she likes to go to unusual places for her vacation. How In November, builders and ice artists from around the world come together to create the hotel. They put snow onto steel walls, and after the snow freezes, they take the steel walls away, and the snow walls stay up. Answers will vary. UNIT 4 HIGH TECH, NO TECH THINK AND DISCUSS [page 61] Possible answers: 1. The woman is using a virtual reality gaming headset. 2. She probably feels excited and amazed. She might be experiencing an adventurous sport. 3. Virtual reality is interesting to people because it allows them to see or experience things that are too expensive, far away, or scary in real life. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 62–63] 1. Possible answers: The timeline shows how telephones and cameras have changed over time. In the past, telephones were not wireless and did not have cameras or applications. Cameras used to be much larger and harder to use, and the images they produced were much lower quality. Neither cameras nor phones were common for everyone to own. Today, almost everyone has a small, thin phone that can take photos. 2. Possible answer: The television is one device that was different in the past. Television sets are still used to watch shows, but many of them now connect to the Internet. 3. Answers will vary. LESSON A Vocabulary B [page 64] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. experience prepare hard download real the past benefit equipment C [page 65] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. benefit download prepare experience real equipment hard the past D [page 65] 1. Virtual reality is better than boring old videos. 2. Please download this cool new app. 3. With virtual reality, you can see beautiful old things from the past. 4. This company uses some amazing modern equipment. Answer Key 11 E [page 65] SPEAKING B [page 73] 1. Possible answers: The benefit of seeing something in virtual reality is that you can see it any time, and you don’t have to travel there. The benefit of seeing the real thing is that you can touch, smell and feel the real thing. 2. Possible answer: Communication was better in the past. People called one another or wrote letters. That was more personal. 3. Possible answer: Technology makes our lives easier and faster. We can do more things in a shorter amount of time. 4. Answers will vary. A [pages 68–69] Answers will vary. Partner A The home robot/Kuri can move around your home. The home robot/Kuri can’t wash floors. The home robot/Kuri can read a book to you. The home robot/Kuri can’t bring things to you. The home robot/Kuri can take pictures and video. C [page 73] LISTENING A Conversation about Virtual Reality BEFORE LISTENING A [page 66] Possible answers: The student is using virtual reality. You need a headset, a phone, and headphones. Partner B The home robot/Kuri can play music. The home robot/Kuri can’t clean your house. The home robot/Kuri can know who is in your family. The home robot/Kuri can’t speak English. The home robot/Kuri can greet you when you come home. B [page 69] B [page 66] Answers will vary. 1. 2. 3. 4. C [page 69] b a d d Possible answers. Equipment Can Can’t Books touch the book write in the book smell the book share the book carry many books easily have many books at one time read without a light read without electricity WHILE LISTENING C [page 67] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. download phone fits head open app D [page 67] 1. 2. 3. 4. a b c b AFTER LISTENING E-books D [page 70] D [page 73] 1. b 2. a Check the following.  Instagram  Tweet  take pictures  look at trails  look at birding apps  use Google Maps to find parks AFTER VIEWING F [page 73] LESSON B B [page 74] VIDEO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. e d a b g c f C [page 74] 1. 2. 3. 4. Class Discussion: Taking a BEFORE LISTENING A [page 76] Possible answers: 1. The light from a phone or computer can hurt our eyes. 2. Sitting at a computer all day can hurt our backs since we don’t sit up straight. C [page 76] Answers will vary. A [page 72] LISTENING Tech Break Check the following.  2. Using your smartphone too much can have bad effects.  3. It is good to take a break from our phones. A–C [page 71] Possible answers: Language learning: You can “attend” a class. History: You can be at an event or see a place from another time. Math: You can test math in real situations [such as flying in space or in an airplane]. Science: You can see and feel different things [e.g., weather in the Arctic, animals, rocks on the moon, etc.]. 60% text/send texts video call 48% text/send texts, check Internet, email B [page 76] LESSON TASK health depend on available hurt brain rest effect worry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. WHILE LISTENING P A P P A A Answers will vary. High Tech or No Tech? D [page 75] Answers will vary. E [page 73] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. rest available depend on health E [page 75] G [page 73] BEFORE VIEWING Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations WHILE VIEWING Answers will vary. E [page 67] 12 Possible answers: You can take videos or photos from high up with a drone. You can use a bird or tree app to learn about the birds and trees you see. You can use weather apps to see how the weather will be. 5. 6. 7. 8. Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. T F F F T T D [page 77] 1. Brain: attention problems; can’t rest due to light; memory problems 2. Body: no sleep; being available 24/7, 365; stress AFTER LISTENING E [page 77] Answers will vary. hurt effect brain worry Answer Key 13 SPEAKING A [page 78] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How cool! Emotion: Showing interest That’s so interesting! Emotion: Showing interest Really? Emotion: Showing surprise Are you serious? Emotion: Showing surprise I’m sorry to hear that. Emotion: Showing sadness C–D [page 79] Answers will vary. FINAL TASK A–C [page 80] Answers will vary. UNIT 5 RISK AND REWARD THINK AND DISCUSS [page 81] 1. Possible answer: The person is lying on a surfboard [or surfing]. The person is in the Indian ocean, off the coast of South Africa. 2. Possible answer: The person probably thinks it’s a lot of fun! 3. Answers will vary. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 82–83] Possible answers: 1. Jimmy Chin is mountain climbing and taking photos, which is his job. He’s a photographer for National Geographic. The person at the top is scuba diving and holding a deadly snake. The woman is bungee jumping off of a bridge over a river. Risks for all of them are getting hurt or dying. These activities can be dangerous. 2. Many jobs are risky. Astronauts, firefighters, and police officers take risks for their work. People like taking risks for fun, too; they drive fast cars, ride bikes in the mountains or down hills, ski and snowboard down steep mountains, and surf where there are sharks or where the waves are big and powerful. 3. People take risks because they think it is fun. They seek adventure. Some rewards are: fun, feeling good about yourself, being excited, and becoming famous. LESSON A Vocabulary Answers will vary. A–C [page 91] LISTENING Podcast: Adventurer of the Year BEFORE VIEWING 1. Nepal 2. Possible answer: She’s a mountain guide, climber, and adventurer. 3. Possible answer: They do something amazing. They risk their lives. A [page 92] WHILE LISTENING B [page 93] B [page 86] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. c 2. b 3. d C [page 87] 1. like; surfing 2. For example,; explorers 3. for example; climber; climb D [page 87] 1. a 2. b 3. b E [page 87] body difficult mind solve climb adventure vote die D [page 85] 1. 2. 3. 4. explorer, diver, photographer running, swimming player Surfing, teacher Highlining Yosemite Falls A [page 86] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. climb adventure difficult die body mind vote solve Presenting a Personal Plan Answers will vary. VIDEO BEFORE LISTENING B [page 84] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations LESSON TASK AFTER LISTENING C [page 84] 14 E [page 85] 4. a 5. b 6. c Possible answers. • exercising risk: hurt self; reward: look and feel great • going to college risk: spending a lot of money, failing; reward: learning a lot, getting a good job, helping your family • teaching risk: long hours may be bad for health; reward: students learn and do great things in life • traveling risk: getting sick or hurting yourself and being far from home; reward: seeing and learning about many different places around the world; meeting new people, trying new foods 1. He’s highlining in Yosemite during a full moon. 2. Possible answer: It’s a National Park in the western United States, in the state of California. 3. Answers will vary. c e a b d g f WHILE VIEWING C [page 93] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. T T F T F D [page 93] 3. Dean has trouble walking the line. The wind is strong. The waterfall is noisy. 5. Dean highlines because he loves [the] beauty. SPEAKING AFTER VIEWING A [page 88] E [page 93] 1. 2. 3. 4. Possible answer: It’s all about being present, living in the moment, and enjoying the beauty all around you without thinking about anything else. Of course Absolutely Sure Definitely F [page 93] C [page 88] Answers will vary. 1. Tamas takes the most risks. Mike takes the least risks. 2. Answers will vary. LESSON B D–G [pages 89–90] Answers will vary. Vocabulary C [page 94] 1. goals 2. count Answer Key 15 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A [page 98] D–F [page 95] Answers will vary. LISTENING A Conversation about Emma Stokes A [page 96] 1. Country: Republic of the Congo Continent: Africa 2. Possible answer: Endangered/At risk means that the animal population is not strong. The animal may not exist or be alive anywhere on Earth in the future. 3. Possible answer: She hopes to protect gorillas and other animals and to teach humans how to live with them peacefully. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. b c c a C [page 97]  3. Emma works to protect gorillas.  4. Elephants walked through Emma’s camp.  7. The number of gorillas was surprising. D–E [page 97] Possible answers: 1. Rebecca is reading a story. 2. Emma helps protect animals like gorillas in Africa and tigers in Asia. She protects animals in danger of dying out [not living anymore]. 3. To protect the gorillas, she collects information and teaches companies and local people to protect the land for the gorillas. 4. Emma’s team was sleeping on an elephant path. The elephants walked through at night. No one was hurt. Everyone ran, and they were OK. 5. Emma and her team found 125,000 gorillas. 6. The gorillas were in a place most people didn’t go. It was not a site for tourists, and she was the first scientist to go there. There was no path for walking. Emma and her team cut a path to walk and sometimes slept in trees. 7. No one knew that 125,000 gorillas lived there; it was a big surprise and good news, but people still need to care for the land where they live or that number can quickly change. 8. The gorilla population is still in danger. If a company comes in and cuts all the trees, it could hurt the gorillas. Also, a disease can quickly kill a large group of animals. Possible answers: 1. The weather on the Earth changes; water levels rise or fall; natural disasters, such as volcanoes and earthquakes, change the land; and people change the land. 2. Humans grow food and build things. All of these activities impact the air and land on the Earth. 3. People try to protect natural places with clean air and water laws. These laws do often change the natural places over time so they are not as dirty. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 102–103] B [page 99] /əd/ or /ɪd/ guided protected voted /t/ camped helped jumped risked /d/ died discovered received 1. Possible answer: Trash in our oceans hurts sea creatures living there. Trash doesn’t disappear quickly, and over time, the materials and chemicals from the trash affect the water. 2. Possible answers: It tells how long certain kinds of trash take to break down or disappear. Plastic objects are worse for the ocean because they take the longest to go away. 3. Answers will vary. C [page 99] LESSON A Answers will vary. C [page 105] FINAL TASK A–C [page 100] Answers will vary. TAKING ACTION THINK AND DISCUSS [page 101] woke up heard felt didn’t know got did, go went Did, find discovered knew B [page 97] 1. 2. 3. 4. UNIT 6 SPEAKING decrease danger protect wild forest discover Telling a Story 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Vocabulary worst especially research habits according to believe reduce throw away WHILE LISTENING C [page 106] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. is are isn’t hurts hurts D [page 106] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. F [the Pacific Ocean] T T F [100,000] T F [People need to stop using so much plastic.] E [page 107] • plastic in last 10 yrs > 1900s • 50% plastic used, use 1 time • average American plastic trash = 185 pounds a year • Americans throw away 35 bil. water bottles a year • people in world use > 1 mil. plastic bags a minute 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. reuse unable unsafe reread unsatisfied, redo rewrite unlike recycle E [page 105] Answers will vary. LISTENING Answers will vary. F [page 107] D [page 105] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B [page 106] Student Podcast: Oceans of Plastic a b a a b AFTER LISTENING G [page 107] Answers will vary. SPEAKING A [page 108] Answers will vary according to students’ opinions. 1. are/aren’t going to 2. are/aren’t going to 3. is/isn’t going to 4. are/aren’t going to 5. am/am not going to 6. Answers will vary. BEFORE LISTENING B [page 108] A [page 106] Answers will vary. Answers will vary. C [page 109] All of the actions should be checked. 16 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key 17 D [page 109] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Part 2: crowded, old cars and signs, a typical road in USA, a trash dump, zoo animals, crowded developments, traffic, trash in water with pretty bird, ugly signs, burger and fries, empty buildings, oil spill, graffiti on sign Emily: 1, 10 The group: 2, 3, 9 Tim: 4 Nanjing, China: 5 Vladimir: 6 Kumiko: 7, 8 D [page 113] Answers will vary regarding feelings, but generally Part 1 should leave one feeling positive about the USA due to all the natural beauty and beautiful manmade structures, and Part 2 should leave one feeling negative due to the pollution, crowded and over-built places, trash, and so on. E [page 110] Possible answers. 1. According to the diagram, … 2. The podcast stated that… 3. According to “Easy Ways You Can Use Less Plastic,”… 4. According to the Clean and Green project manager, Emily, … F–G [page 110] Answers will vary. LESSON TASK Presenting a Project Plan A–C [page 111] Answers will vary. VIDEO Choices BEFORE VIEWING A [page 112] 1. Possible answers: The first photo shows a woman on a rock in a beautiful national park in Arizona, USA. The second photo shows a manmade housing development in Arizona, USA. 2. Possible answers: The first photo is more positive, beautiful, and interesting; the second photo looks crowded, with a lot of people and maybe noise. 3. Answers will vary. B [page 112] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. legacy image generations memories profound extraordinary wonder choice WHILE VIEWING C [page 113] Possible images include: Part 1: woman on rock, pretty road, natural, waterfalls, bears, beach, the Statue of Liberty, Native American women, farms, old houses, lake, mountains, canoe with woman, forest 18 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations LISTENING Nadkarni A Conversation about Nalini FINAL TASK A [page 116] A–D [pages 119–120] Possible answer: I think she does projects that teach about nature and the importance of caring for it. Answers will vary. E [page 113]  Jamal and Claudi are both interested in going to a talk Friday evening.  Nalini Nadkarni works to increase people’s interest in nature. Vocabulary B [page 114] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. prisons guest garden increase purpose pretty behavior criminals C [page 115] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. c f h e b a g d D [page 115] 1. 2. 3. 4. prisoner reuse; repurpose gardening gardener E [page 115] Answers will vary. Presenting a Project Using Images WHILE LISTENING B [page 116] LESSON B Answers will vary. BEFORE LISTENING AFTER VIEWING 1. Answers will vary. 2. Possible answer: In Part 1, the woman is happy and sounds excited about the USA. In Part 2, her voice is quieter and sounds less excited. 3. Possible answer: One example is ‘fake news,’ or news stories that want you to believe certain things that are not based on facts. C [page 119] C [page 116] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a c c a b AFTER LISTENING D [page 117] Possible answer: Student 1 shows bias because the student assumes people need something to do. Student 2 shows bias because the student thinks the prisoners shouldn’t have projects because they are criminals. E [page 117] 1. Possible answer: Both talk about helping the environment. The first is about taking action to change personal habits. The second is about teaching people to care more and helping people at the same time. Both help people and the environment. The first lesson is more general [all receive benefits from cleaner parks, air, water, and so on]. The second lesson is more personal—helping people in prisons. 2. Answers will vary. SPEAKING A [page 118] 1. Possible answers: I predict English will/won’t be the global language of business in the future. 2. Possible answers: I predict the prisoners will/won’t care about nature when they get out of prison. 3. Possible answers: I predict many prisons will/won’t have similar projects in the future. 4. Possible answers: I predict some prisoners will/won’t work in gardens in the future. 5. Possible answers: I predict college students will/won’t work with the prison project after they graduate. 6. Answers will vary. Answer Key 19 UNIT 7 LOST AND FOUND THINK AND DISCUSS [page 121] Possible answers: 1. An Egyptian mask [King Tut’s] with a black gloved hand over its mouth. 2. They steal [take] things from people, stores, or other places. 3. Things that were lost or taken and then found again. Historical information or topics about the past. EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 122–123] Possible answers: 1. Ramses I was an important leader in ancient Egypt. He ruled from 1293 B.C. until his death in 1290 B.C. 2. It traveled around the world. First, looters stole it from its tomb [or grave]. Then it was in a museum in Canada, though no one knew it was Ramses I. Many years later, a museum in Atlanta, Georgia [USA] bought it. Finally, a researcher in the museum in Atlanta discovered it was Ramses I and returned it to Luxor, Egypt. 3. In a museum in Egypt. Answers will vary for the second part. LESSON A Vocabulary C [page 125] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WHILE VIEWING  3 A man hides a treasure for anyone to find.  5 People like the search just as much as the treasure. Possible answers. C [page 133] WHILE LISTENING Lost Ship of the Desert What C [page 127] Possible answers: Where Q: Where did they sail? A: The Pacific Ocean, and down a river in California 3. He was sick and thought he was dying. 4. He wanted to give people the joy of adventure. 5. He wants people to get out of their houses, go outside, and be in nature. When Q: When did this happen? A: In 1615. How Q: How did the ship go down? A: The river went dry. The ship went down in the sand. 6. The hunt is exciting. Lost Treasure Ships AFTER LISTENING What Q: What did the ships do? A: They sank to the bottom of the ocean. Q: What did the ships have on them? A: Treasure. Where Q: Where did they sail? A: From Spain to Florida. Q: Where did they sink? A: Off the coast of Florida. D [page 127] Answers will vary. SPEAKING When you were a child, what was your favorite object? As a child, where did you hide your special objects? What did you search for last week? When you last lost something important, what did you do? When Q: When did this happen? A: In 1715. How Q: How did the ships sink? A: They sank in a storm. B [page 128] sandy gold/golden mysterious lucky colorful powerful magical peaceful Answers will vary. LISTENING Interview with a Treasure Hunter BEFORE LISTENING A [page 126] Answers will vary. Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Q: What did the ship do? A: It went down a river. Q: What did the ship have on it? A: Gold and jewels 1. People think they can get rich. 2. It’s exciting to search for something and then find it. 1. 2. 3. 4. E [page 125] 20 D [pages 129–130] A [page 128] g c f h a e b d D [page 125] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B [page 126] Answers will vary. E [page 131] C [page 129] Answers will vary. 1. Q: Who was Carl Faberge? A: He was an artist. 2. Q: When did Alexander give his wife the first egg? A: In 1885. 3. Q: How often did Alexander give his wife an egg? A: Every year. 4. Q: How many eggs did the family have? A: They had 50 eggs. 5. Q: What happened to Alexander and his wife during the Russian Revolution? A: They were killed. 6. Q: What happened to the eggs during the Russian Revolution? A: Someone took them. They disappeared. 7. Q: Where are the eggs today? A: 43 are in museums, but 7 are still missing. 8. Q: How much are the eggs worth today? A: Each egg is probably worth millions of dollars today. LESSON TASK Talking about Your Life A–D [page 131] Answers will vary. VIDEO Dinosaur Detective BEFORE VIEWING A [page 132] 1. He’s a National Geographic Explorer. He’s a paleontologist. 2. Possible answer: Dinosaur fossils [bones]. 3. In the desert. B [page 132] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. d a e f c b Check the following: beautiful, cruel, frightening, magical, peaceful D [page 133] 5 The tooth gets stuck in this little sand dune in the river. 2 A dinosaur loses a tooth. 1 A dinosaur is upstream. 4 The tooth is carried downstream. 3 The tooth is rolling on the riverbed. AFTER VIEWING E [page 133] Possible answers. 1. I think he means that you must ask questions no one else thinks of. People thought Ibrahim was crazy because he looked for something for years, which seems crazy to many people. Answers will vary on the last question. 2. His work can help us understand life and patterns of weather and other events on the Earth. LESSON B Vocabulary B [page 134] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. history culture ancient century rules religion information peace C [page 135] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. e g f b a h d c D [page 135] information – informative [or informational] religion – religious history – historical peace – peaceful culture – ultural E [page 135] Answers will vary. Answer Key 21 LISTENING Museum A Guided Tour of the British BEFORE LISTENING A [page 136] Possible answers: 1. A building or place that has things from the past. 2. In London, England, U.K. 3. A very old stone with writing by someone named Cyrus. Maybe he’s telling people the news or some other information. 4. The owners of the company make the rules, or the bosses and managers. Leaders do in a country. Parents at home. Teachers in a class. WHILE LISTENING B [page 136] 1. a 2. a 3. b UNIT 8 BREAKTHROUGHS THINK AND DISCUSS [page 141] Possible answers: 1. A fingerprint at a lab. It’s important because it might give information about someone who did something wrong. 2. One breakthrough is social media. It has changed the way people communicate all over the world. E [page 145] Possible two-part verbs: go: go around, go away, go back, go on break: break up, break away, break down bring: bring up, bring back, bring on, bring over give: give away, give up, give in take: take away, take up, take in, take over, take on EXPLORE THE THEME [pages 142–143] Possible answers: 1. Cells are the smallest part of all living things. Plants, animals, and humans are made of cells. 2. DNA holds all information or instructions about different parts of plants, animals, and people. For example, it has information about hair, skin, eye color, and so on. DNA gives instructions to the cells to develop the different parts of the living thing. 3. There are many reasons scientists learn about cells and DNA, and many different ways they use the information. One example is to learn about diseases. With the information, they can find cures for diseases. LISTENING A Class Discussion about Cloning BEFORE LISTENING A [page 146] Answers will vary. 1. 2. 3. 4. B [page 144] WHILE LISTENING B [page 146] Possible answers. 6th century B.C. [First Persian Empire]; 539 B.C. [Cyrus Cylinder created]; 1879 [Cyrus Cylinder found]; 1880 [British Museum gets Cyrus Cylinder] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. AFTER LISTENING C [page 144] E [page 137] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Answers will vary. SPEAKING A–C [page 138–139] Answers will vary. FINAL TASK Presenting a Personal History A–E [pages 139–140] Answers will vary. 22 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Possible answers: 1. I don’t think it’s OK. It could hurt the clone mother. Also, there are many cats looking for a home now. 2. I think a person can spend his or her money how he or she wants. 3. I’m not sure it’s smart to bring animals back that are very dangerous. What will they eat? 4. I love science-fiction movies! They give us ideas about the future. over back off from off LESSON A D [page 137] Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. several copy machine control expensive become latest exist copy machine exist control become several expensive latest  2. The class is about cloning extinct animals.  4. Cloning animals may have good and bad points. C [page 146] 1. T 2. F 4. T 5. F 6. T D [page 147] 1. 2. 3. 4. I don’t think [Against] I think [For] I’m not sure [Against] I don’t think [Against] D [page 150] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Lara and Andy Lara Lara Andy Lara Lara Andy Lara E [page 150] The expression used the most is I think … The following expressions are also used: 1. Lara: I’m not sure it’s a good idea. 2. Andy: I think it’s interesting. 3. Lara: I think it’s scary! 4. Andy: …I think cloning a pet might be OK. 5. Lara: That’s amazing! 6. Lara: That’s strange. 7. Andy: It’s a bit expensive. 8. Lara: I think it’s better to get one that is already alive… AFTER LISTENING F [page 150] E [page 147] Answers will vary. Pros [a good idea] Cons [not a good idea] -help animal in danger of becoming extinct -not natural; died for reason; might hurt people -expensive to clone -problems when try to control nature D [page 145] Possible answers: 1. c [I get along well with my roommates.] 2. b [When I get back, I’ll read my emails.] 3. d [He got off the train at the wrong stop.] 4. a [I got up late this morning.] 3. F won’t could won’t may B–C [page 149] F [page 145] C [page 137] b c b b 5. 6. 7. 8. LESSON TASK A–C [page 151] Answers will vary. VIDEO A Chance to See Again SPEAKING BEFORE VIEWING A [page 148] A [page 152] 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. f could might could may not 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. e 6. c Answer Key 23 B [page 152] LISTENING B [page 158] 1. It’s worse in Africa, India, and other developing or lowerincome countries. It’s less serious in wealthier [developed] countries. 2. Possible answers: It might be worse because there are not enough doctors; people don’t have money for doctors. Note: Students may guess that people in these countries have genes for blindness, but this does not seem to be the case. It’s more about lack of money and access to doctors. A [page 156] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. WHILE VIEWING C [page 153] Possible answers. 1. A place where a doctor helps people with eye problems. 2. At first, some people were afraid. 3. They changed their minds and decided it was OK to go the second year because many people were helped the first year. The doctor fixed their blindness, and the people could see again. D [page 153] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. hospital family 82 hurt thousands help 1. b 2. b 3. a C [page 157] 1. unhealthy; healthy 2. eye; grow 3. replace; part C [page 159] Possible answers. • biologists/earth scientists: As in Unit 6, DNA might be used to look at the impact of plastics on animals, or to identify new species. • historians/archaeologists: As the Unit 7 video shows, extinct species such as dinosaurs are tested to see relationships to each other and to animals today. • police: As in introduced in this unit, DNA might be used to find criminals. D [page 157] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 39 10 20 smallest your parents a machine stem don’t yet FINAL TASK Group Presentation: DNA in the Real World A–E [pages 159–160] Answers will vary. Answers will vary. F [page 157] Possible answers: E [page 153] Possible answers. People can care for older people by walking with them or taking them meals; they can help tutor children; they can give food or clothing to people who need it, and so on. Vocabulary C [page 155] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B [page 156] information in court to help show that someone is innocent or guilty. • computer scientists: As introduced in this unit, DNA might be used to write programs to analyze DNA data; maybe help companies that provide personal family research [Ancestry.com, FamilyTreeDNA, etc.] E [page 157] AFTER VIEWING LESSON B Correct predictions [not to be checked until later] are: 1. b 2. a 3. b Scientists becoming can information police computer technology could • lawyers: As introduced in this unit, lawyers may use the bone consider simple treatment healthy parts heart replace D [page 155] DNA Research in Medicine Pros [a good idea] Cons [not a good idea] Treatment could help people and their families; it could change people’s lives for the better; it might save lives. The treatment might fail; it could possibly hurt someone; someone could die as a result; it might be very expensive and difficult to pay back. SPEAKING A [page 158] Schwa syllables are underlined 1. bi-o-lo-gy 2. tech-no-lo-gy 3. ther-a-py 4. pro-blem 5. com-pu-ter 6. sci-en-tist 7. con-trol 8. cri-mi-nal Answers will vary. 24 Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking Foundations Answer Key

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