Lý thuyết và bài tập về the passive voice môn tiếng anh lớp 11 năm 2016 của thầy đỗ bình đã được cập nhật. Để làm quen với các dạng bài hay gặp trong đề thi, thử sức với các câu hỏi khó giành điểm 9 – 10 và có chiến lược thời gian làm bài thi phù hợp, các em truy cập link thi Online học kì 2 môn Toán lớp 11 có đáp án
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Lý thuyết và bài tập về the passive voice môn tiếng anh lớp 11 năm 2016 của thầy đỗ bình
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Hôm nay, Kienthuctienganh xin phép được giới thiệu đến các bạn một điểm ngữ pháp cực kỳ quan trọng trong chương trình học phổ thông cũng như các kì thi tuyển sinh, đại học và đặc biệt là thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các kì kiểm tra IELTS hay TOEIC, đó chính là Câu bị động. Vậy câu bị động là gì? Chúng ta cùng nhau giải đáp toàn bộ lý thuyết, công thức kèm theo phần bài tập thực hành trong bài viết này nhé.
Câu chủ động là câu được sử dụng khi chủ thể thực hiện hành động tác động vào người hay vật khác.
Ex: I am making a cake. [Tôi đang làm bánh.]
Chủ thể ở đây là "I" và chủ thể này đang tự thực hiện một hành động là "make a cake".
Trong đó:S: chủ ngữV: động từ
O: tân ngữ
Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ thể không thực hiện hành động mà ngược lại bị tác động lên bởi một yếu tố khác.
Ex: The room was cleaned. [Căn phòng đã được dọn sạch.]
Chủ thể ở đây là "the room" không thể tự dọn dẹp được mà phải là được ai đó dọn dẹp.
Trong đó:
Be: được chia theo các thì khác nhau.
S + V + O
S + be + V3/ed + by O
Chúng ta cùng xét 1 ví dụ cụ thể sau đây:
Trong đó:Chủ ngữ [S]: TheyĐộng từ [V]: sell
Tân ngữ [O]: bread
They sell bread here
→ Bread is sold here
Tân ngữ của câu chủ động là "bread" bây giờ đã trở thành chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
Thì hiện tại đơn [Simple Present] | S + V[s/es] + O | S + am/is/are + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn [Present Continuous] | S + am/is/are + V_ing + O | S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành [Present Perfect] | S + has/have + V3/ed + O | S + has/have + been + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn [Present Perfect Continuous] | S + have/has + been + V_ing + O | S + have/ has + been + being + V3/ed +[by + O] |
Thì quá khứ đơn [Simple Past] | S + V2/ed + O | S + was/were + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn [Past Continuous] | S + was/were + V_ing + O | S + was/were + being + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành [Past Perfect] | S + had + V3/ed + O | S + had + been + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn [Past Perfect Continuous] | S + had + been + V_ing + O | S + had + been + being + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì tương lai đơn [Simple Future] | S + will/shall + V_inf + O | S + will + be + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì tương lai tiếp diễn [Future Continuous] | S + will + be + V_ing + O | S + will + be + being + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì tương lai hoàn thành [Future Perfect] | S + will/shall + have + V3/ed + O | S + will + have + been + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn [Future Perfect Continuous] | S + will + have been + V_ing + O | S + will + have + been + being + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Thì tương lai gần [Near Future] | S + am/is/are + going to + V + O | S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Động từ khiếm khuyết [Model Verbs] | S + must/ should/ can/ may + V_inf+ O | S + must/ should/ can/ may + be + V3/ed + [by + O] |
S + have/ has to + V_inf + O | S + have/ has to + be + V3/ed + [by + O] |
Ex: They mended this street.
→ This street was mended.
Nếu có trạng từ chỉ thể cách thì để nó đứng giữa BE và V3/ed.Ex: Scientists have studied the problem carefully.
→ The problem has carefully been studied by scientists.
Ex: Nobody visited Lan.
→ Lan wasn’t visited.
Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.Ex: Does she prepare a big meal? [Có phải cô ấy chuẩn bị một bữa ăn thịnh soạn?]
→ She prepares a big meal. [Cô ấy chuẩn bị một bữa ăn thịnh soạn.]
Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.Ex: What did he take? [Anh ta đã lấy cái gì vậy?]
-> He took what [Anh ta lấy cái gì]
Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.Ex: Who can you meet? ["Can" là từ đặc biệt][Bạn có thể gặp ai?]
→ You can meet who.
Bước 1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định.Ex: Who found the key?
→ Who found the key.
Bị động kép nằm trong cùng một mệnh đề.Ex: - They ordered the man to be shot→ The man was ordered to be shot.- They opened the door and stole some pictures
→ The door was opened and some pictures were stolen.
Bị động kép xuất hiện ở các mệnh đề trong câu.Ex: I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.
→ You can be assured that everything will be arranged in time.
Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến là: say/ think/ believe/ report/ consider...
People/ they + say/think/believe... + [that] + S + V | |
Cách 1: It is/was said…….. that + S + V | |
Cách 2: S + am/is/are/was/were + said + | |
to have + V3/ed + O [trước thì] |
Ex: - People said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì 2 mệnh đề "People said" và "he was nice to his friends" cùng thì quá khứ nên ta sẽ có đáp án là:
->He was said to be nice to his friends.
- People said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 1: It was said that he had been nice to his friends.
Cách 2: Vì mệnh đề "He had been nice to his friends" trước thì mệnh đề "he was nice to his friends" [said là thì quá khứ đơn nhưng had been là quá khứ hoàn thành] nên ta sẽ có đáp án là:
->He was said to have been nice to his friends.
Các động từ chỉ tri giác là: see, hear, notice, feel...
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau các động từ này động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong câu bị động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.Ex: We heard him go out last night.
→ He was heard to go out last night.
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau các động từ này V_ing thì trong câu bị động sẽ giữ nguyên V_ing.Ex: I saw him playing football.
→ He was seen playing football.
Động từ "Let" [let somebody do something] trong câu chủ động thường được chuyển thành "BE ALLOWED TO_V" trong câu bị động.Ex: The teacher let Bill go home early.
→ Bill was allowed to go home early.
Khi động từ nguyên mẫu sau "LET" có thêm một tân ngữ và cùng đối tượng với chủ ngữ, thành phần "CHỦ NGỮ + LET" vẫn giữ nguyên, chỉ chuyển đổi phần sau.Ex: - He let her cheat him.→ He let himself be cheated.- Don’t let the others see you.
→ Don’t let yourself be seen.
Câu mệnh lệnh
Khẳng định: Let + O + be + V3/ed
Phủ định: Let + O + not + be + V3/edVí dụ:- Write your name here.→ Let your name be written here.- Don’t insult the weak.→ Let the weak not be insulted.
Đối với câu bị động có 2 tân ngữ, chúng ta sẽ có 2 cách làm. Ngoài ra ta cần thêm các giới từ "to" hoặc "for" trước tân ngữ khi chuyển sang câu bị động.
Ví dụ 1: My mother gives me a cake.Trong đó:Tân ngữ 1 là "me"Tân ngữ 2 là "a cake"→ I am given a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is given to me by my mother.
Ví dụ 2: My mother makes me a cake.→ I am made a cake by my mother.
→ A cake is made for me by my mother.
Trong đó, động từ chính [V] thường là: Keep, remember, find, see….
Ví dụ:- She kept me waiting.→ I was kept waiting- They saw the thief climbing over the wall.
→ The thief was seen climbing over the wall.
S + have + sb + V_inf + sth | |
S + get + sb + to_V + sth | |
S + have/get + sth + V3/ed + [by + sb] |
Ví dụ:- I have the mechanic fix my car.→ I have my car fixed by the mechanic- My mother gets me to wash the dishes.
→ I get the dishes washed by my mother.
Would like/ would love + To_inf + O
Would like/ would love + sb + To_inf + O
Ví dụ:- I would like to give Mary a nice present.→ I would like Mary to be given a present.- I would love someone to take me out to dinner.
→ I would love to be taken out to dinner.
Something + need/ want + V_ing/ to be V3/ed : mang nghĩa bị động
Ví dụ:Your hair needs cutting = Your hair need to be cut.[Tóc bạn cần được cắt]The garden wants to be weeding = The garden wants weeding.
[Mảnh vườn cần được làm cỏ]
Các gerund theo sau một số động từ như advise, suggest, recommend... được thay bằng "should be V3/ed" trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ:They advised employing part time workers
→ They advised that part time workers should be employed
It’s one’s duty to_V [Đó là nhiệm vụ của ai để làm gì] | |
Ví dụ:It's your duty to do this work.
→ You are supposed to do this work.
It’s impossible + to do sth [Không thể làm gì] | |
Ví dụ:It is impossible to repair that machine.
→ That machine can't be repaired
Đối với các động từ crowd, fill, cover thì ta dùng "with" thay cho "by"
Ví dụ:Clouds cover the sky.
→ The sky is covered with clouds.
Ví dụ:- The Queen slept in this bed.→ This bed was slept in by the Queen.- Someone will care for her children while she is away.
→ Her children will be cared for while she is away.
Trong câu chủ động, theo sau động từ MAKE là động từ nguyên mẫu V_inf thì trong câu bị động sẽ chuyển thành To_inf.
Ví dụ:They made me go.
→ I was made to go.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie.A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by3. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut4. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday.A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened5. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan.A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing6. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce.A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found7. We………………by a loud noise during the night.A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up8. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with.A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy……………………at.A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed10. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization.A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented11. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked12. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway.A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend.A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D. will have perform14. All bottles………………………………..before transportation.A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze15. ………………………………………..yet?A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where……………..for administration, broadcasting and education.A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used17. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell.A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented18. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake.A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed19. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century.A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discover20. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived21. The boy…………………….by the teacher yesterday.A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already………………, sir. They’re on your desk.”A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It………………….of cotton.A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made24. They had a boy………………….. that yesterday.A. done B. to do C. did D. do25. We got our mail ………………..yesterday.A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver26. James……..the news as soon as possible.A. should tell B. should be told C. should told D. should be telled27. My wedding ring …………………. yellow and white gold.A. is made B. is making C. made D. make28. Mr. Wilson is………………... as Willie to his friend.A. known B. knew C. is known D. know29. References …………………….in the examination room.A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used30. Laura ………………….in Boston.A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born31. His car needs …………………..A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed32. Her watch needs …………………..A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B33. My mother is going …………………….. this house.A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ………………………..A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following35. Have you………………….. by a dog?A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit36. The room is being ……………………….at the moment.A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean37. It …………………..that the strike will end soon.A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected38. It is …………………..that many people are homeless after the floods.A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting39. He was said ……………….. this building.A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed40. Ted ……………………..by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.1. America __________ By Columbus in 1492.A. are discovered B. were discovering C. is discovered D. was discovered2. Parrots and crows __________ the most intelligent birds.A. were considering B. are considered C. Considered D. was considered3. I still can’t believe! My bicycle__________ last night.A. was stolen B. was stealing C. were stolen D. stole4. Mary traffic accidents __________ by dangerous driving.A. cause B. caused C. are caused D. which are caused.5. Many US automobiles __________ in Detroit, Michigan.A. manufacture B. are manufactured C. have manufactured D. are manufacturing6. Grass __________ by fat cows on the green meadow.A. are eaten B. was being eaten C. were being eat D. was been eaten7. So much progress __________ that there may be space-frights to Mars.A. is being made B. are being made C. will be made D. will being made8. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and decorating__________ by computer-control robots.A. will be doing B. are being done C. would be done D. will be done.9. English __________ since 2002.A. have been learned B. has been learnt C. has to learn D. have to learn10. Your bill should __________ before you leave the hotel.
A. be paid B. is paid C. are paid D. was paid
Exercise 3: Change these sentences into Passive voice1. My father waters this flower every morning.2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.7. Tom will visit his parents next month.8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?18. Are you going to repair those shoes?19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice1. The waiter brings me this dish.2. Our friends send these postcards to us.3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.7. He lends his friend his new shoes.8. She left her relatives five million pounds.9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.14. They keep this room tidy all the time.15. They all voted the party a great success.16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.17. They moved the fridge into the living room.18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
Exercise 5: Change these sentences into Passive voice1. They will finish their work next week2. The fire has caused considerable damage3. The police were following the suspects4. We're going to give David a pig surprise5. I think Alfred Nobel invented dynamite6. Your hair is long, you ought to get it cut7. Keep silent8. Open your book9. They made him work all day
10. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer