Exception is an unwanted or unexpected event, which occurs during the execution of a program, i.e. at run time, that disrupts the normal flow of the program’s instructions. In Java, there are two types of exceptions:
- Checked exceptions
- Unchecked exceptions
Checked Exceptions
These are the exceptions that are checked at compile time. If some code within a method throws a checked exception, then the method must either handle the exception or it must specify the exception using the throws keyword. In checked exception, there are two types: fully checked and partially checked exceptions. A fully checked exception is a checked exception where all its child classes are also checked, like IOException, InterruptedException. A partially checked exception is a checked exception where some of its child classes are unchecked, like Exception.
For example, consider the following Java program that opens the file at location “C:\test\a.txt” and prints the first three lines of it. The program doesn’t compile, because the function main[] uses FileReader[] and FileReader[] throws a checked exception FileNotFoundException. It also uses readLine[] and close[] methods, and these methods also throw checked exception IOException
Example:
Java
import
java.io.*;
class
GFG {
public
static
void
main[String[] args]
{
FileReader file =
new
FileReader[
"C:\\test\\a.txt"
];
BufferedReader fileInput =
new
BufferedReader[file];
for
[
int
counter =
0
; counter <
3
; counter++]
System.out.println[fileInput.readLine[]];
fileInput.close[];
}
}
Output:
To fix the above program, we either need to specify a list of exceptions using throws, or we need to use a try-catch block. We have used throws in the below program. Since FileNotFoundException is a subclass of IOException, we can just specify IOException in the throws list and make the above program compiler-error-free.
Example:
Java
import
java.io.*;
class
GFG {
public
static
void
main[String[] args]
throws
IOException
{
FileReader file =
new
FileReader[
"C:\\test\\a.txt"
];
BufferedReader fileInput =
new
BufferedReader[file];
for
[
int
counter =
0
; counter <
3
; counter++]
System.out.println[fileInput.readLine[]];
fileInput.close[];
}
}
Output:
First three lines of file "C:\test\a.txt"
Unchecked Exceptions
These are the exceptions that are not checked at compile time. In C++, all exceptions are unchecked, so it is not forced by the compiler to either handle or specify the exception. It is up to the programmers to be civilized, and specify or catch the exceptions. In Java, exceptions under Error and RuntimeException classes are unchecked exceptions, everything else under throwable is checked.
Consider the following Java program. It compiles fine, but it throws ArithmeticException when run. The compiler allows it to compile because ArithmeticException is an unchecked exception.
Example:
Java
class
GFG {
public
static
void
main[String args[]]
{
int
x =
0
;
int
y =
10
;
int
z = y / x;
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at Main.main[Main.java:5] Java Result: 1
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above