Which answer best describes the concept of Manifest Destiny as it was understood in the nineteenth century?
Section 4: Sample Multiple-Choice QuestionsWEST–E Social Studies (028)The sample test questions in this study guide are designed to give you an introduction to the nature of the questions included in the Washington Educator Skills Tests—Endorsements (WEST–E). They represent the various types of questions you may expect to see on an actual test in this test field; however, they are not designed to predict your performance on the test as a whole. Show Work through the sample questions carefully before referring to the answers. The correct response and test objective being assessed are provided for each question. When you are finished with the sample questions, you may wish to review the test objectives and descriptive statements provided in the test framework for this test field. In addition to reading and answering the sample questions, you should also utilize the following preparation materials available in this study guide:
Practice QuestionsExpand All | Collapse All CivicsObjective 0001: Understand the purposes and functions of governments, laws, and political systems and the organization of government in the United States.1. In the U.S. legal system, judges are empowered to issue a writ of habeas corpus to ensure that suspects in a criminal investigation:
2. Which of the following best describes a major responsibility of the governor of Washington?
3. Totalitarian governments are primarily characterized by which of the following beliefs?
4. According to the U.S. Constitution, which of the following powers is shared by the federal and state governments?
Objective 0002: Understand key ideals and principles of democratic government in the United States.5. Read the excerpt below from the Declaration of Independence; then answer the question that follows. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes. . . . But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce [the people] under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Which of the following questions was the author of the Declaration attempting to address in the excerpt above?
6. Which of the following excerpts from the Washington State Constitution best demonstrates the state's commitment to the principle of popular sovereignty?
7. Read the following excerpt from Of Civil Government and Toleration by John Locke; then answer the question that follows. This legislative is not only the supreme power of the commonwealth, but sacred and unalterable in the hands where the community have once placed it; nor can any edict of anybody else, in what form soever conceived, or by what power soever backed, have the force and obligation of a law, which has not its sanction from that legislative which the public has chosen and appointed. The views expressed in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following foundational principles of democratic government in the United States?
8. The landmark 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation on the basis of the doctrine that:
Objective 0003: Understand the U.S. election process, the rights and responsibilities of citizenship, and the principles of democratic civic involvement.9. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of national party conventions in contemporary U.S. presidential elections?
10. Use the excerpt below from the U.S. Constitution to answer the question that follows. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him . . . and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the constitutional provision excerpted above?
11. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's weekly radio "Fireside Chats" during the Great Depression illustrate which of the following developments?
12. The activities of civil rights groups such as the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) during "Freedom Summer" of 1964 aimed to increase the individual rights and political participation of African Americans in the Deep South primarily through:
Objective 0004: Understand principles of international law, international relationships, and the goals and execution of United States foreign policy.13. Which of the following best describes a major difference between international law and domestic law?
14. The U.S. government would most likely collaborate with other member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on which of the following foreign policy initiatives?
15. In the formation and execution of U.S. foreign policy, the legislative branch exercises a check on the executive branch primarily through:
16. During the early twentieth century, which of the following priorities primarily influenced U.S. foreign policy in Latin America?
EconomicsObjective 0005: Understand basic economic concepts and apply that knowledge to examine economic issues and problems.17. Factors of production are best defined as the:
18. Which of the following is the most appropriate measure of productivity?
19. Which of the following best matches a major function of money with a type of savings or investment option that primarily fulfills that function?
20. The imposition of a tax to correct for the presence of external costs borne by people other than those making economic decisions is most appropriate in which of the following situations?
Objective 0006: Understand how economic systems function and basic principles of international economics.21. Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. The Sullivan Paper Company operates in a niche market that it has long dominated. Over the past several years, however, two new firms have undermined Sullivan's market position by selling goods similar to those produced by Sullivan at a considerable markdown. In response, Sullivan executives have reduced production of existing products and begun development of a new line of goods to be marketed to high-end buyers. Information presented in the passage best illustrates how:
22. In country X, the financial resources available to the nation's steel industry were abruptly cut in half when the government decided to reorient the agricultural sector from production for domestic markets to the production of export crops. The nation's farmers, however, had difficulty making the transition to new crops with unfamiliar cultivation and storage requirements, while workers laid off in the steel plants struggled to find new jobs. This scenario best illustrates which of the following?
23. Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. Students of economics have long taken note of an observation called the diamond-water paradox. Diamonds are of course valued for their use as decorative gems. They have several other uses, including cutting or engraving glass and other solids and serving as a heat sink in electronics systems. But all of these uses seem limited compared to the supreme importance of water as the basis for all life. Each human body is composed mostly of water, and we each require a substantial amount of water for daily survival. The paradox comes when we notice that water, essential for life, is available without expense or at low expense in much of the world, while diamonds, with their fewer uses, are very expensive everywhere. Which of the following best explains the apparent contradiction in the diamond-water paradox?
24. Which line on the table below best matches a major economic group with a primary function performed by that group in the U.S. economy?
Objective 0007: Understand the role of government in the U.S. economic system.25. Which of the following best illustrates the role of the U.S. government in reallocating resources?
26. Which of the following changes in economic indicators would most likely prompt government policymakers to consider adopting an expansionary fiscal policy?
27. A central bank can use its influence over the nation's money supply to affect economic conditions in which of the following ways?
28. Interest rates in a country decrease. Which of the following best describes the most likely result for the country's balance of trade with other nations?
GeographyObjective 0008: Understand the uses of maps, globes, and other geographic tools and the location and characteristics of major physical features of the earth.29. Which of the following best describes a significant difference between maps and globes?
30. Use the world map below to answer the question that follows. A map of the world is shown. Number one labels the body of water north of the Arabian peninsula. Number 2 is located in North America north of the Great Lakes. Number 3 is located in northwestern Africa south of the Iberian Peninsula Which of the following correctly identifies the three physical features of the world indicated by the numbers on the map above?
31. Which of the following best matches a fundamental theme of geography with a geographic tool associated with that theme?
32. Use the chart below to answer the question that follows.
Which of the following physical processes affecting Paris best explains the differences in temperature shown on the graph?
Objective 0009: Understand the human geography of places and regions.33. Which line on the table below accurately sequences three modes of production in terms of the permanency of the types of settlement most commonly associated with each mode of production?
34. Which of the following best matches a major source of conflict in the late twentieth century with two countries in which such conflict has occurred?
35. Use the map below to answer the question that follows. A map of language families in Europe is shown. The map is shaded into three regions. The Turkic language family is shown in Turkey. The Uralic language family is shown in Hungary, Estonia, Finland, and an area of northwestern Russia adjacent to Finland. The Indo-European language family is shown as predominant throughout the rest of Europe. The cultural characteristics depicted on the map are primarily the result of which of the following processes?
36. Which of the following best describes an effect of industrialization on urban geography in the United States during the nineteenth century?
Objective 0010: Understand the interactions between humans, the environment, and culture.37. The global importance of biomass fuels as an energy source has declined steadily since the mid-nineteenth century primarily because of:
38. To improve air quality in heavily polluted industrial regions of the Midwest, legislation in the United States required manufacturing firms to increase the height of smokestacks so that pollutants would be discharged higher in the atmosphere. Implementation of this response to local pollution contributed most directly to which of the following environmental problems?
39. Which of the following physical factors best explains the "megalopolis" pattern of urbanization from northern Virginia to southern Maine in the northeastern United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
40. The status of Islam as the majority religion of Malaysia and Indonesia is primarily the product of:
Objective 0011: Understand the geographic context of major global issues and events.41. Use the table below, listing Latin American countries belonging to different economic unions, to answer the question that follows.
Which of the following changes is most likely to occur as a result of the formation of the regional economic associations shown in the table above?
42. Use the map of the Euphrates River basin below to answer the question that follows. A map of the Middle East is shown. The Euphrates River is labeled, running from Turkey, through Syria, and to Iraq. In Turkey, the map shows three dams on the Euphrates River and the three reservoirs they create. After Turkey constructed the dams shown on the map above as part of an initiative to promote economic development, both Syria and Iraq raised objections to the project. Which of the following statements provides the most likely explanation for why the project generated regional concern?
43. The historical development of ancient Greek civilization into independent city-states was most influenced by which of the following geographic factors?
44. Which of the following best summarizes the impact of migration on the politics of several countries in central and western Europe during the first two decades of the twenty-first century?
U.S. HistoryObjective 0012: Understand major developments in early U.S. history from the precontact period to 1791.45. Which of the following features of the French and Indian War (1754–1761) led most directly to a breakdown in relations between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies during the decade following the conflict?
46. In which of the following ways did Virginia and Maryland differ from colonial New England during the first half of the eighteenth century?
47. Which of the following best describes the pattern that characterized relations between French immigrants and Native Americans in North America during the colonial period?
48. The inclusion of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution as part of the ratification process is best understood as a response to which of the following concerns?
Objective 0013: Understand major political, economic, and social developments in U.S. history from 1791 to 1877.49. Which of the following excerpts from the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments (1848) most clearly illustrates the influence of the American Revolution on the antebellum women's movement in the United States?
50. Which of the following elements of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) contributed most to rising intersectional tensions between the North and the South?
51. Which of the following developments best reflects the influence of the concept of Manifest Destiny?
52. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the involuntary migration of large numbers of enslaved people from the upper South to the lower South and trans-Mississippi regions was primarily the result of the:
Objective 0014: Understand major political, economic, and social developments in U.S. history from 1877 to 1945.53. During the 1880s and 1890s, which of the following strategies most distinguished the American Federation of Labor (AFL) from other early labor organizations in the United States?
54. Which of the following best explains U.S. reluctance to become involved in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor?
55. Congress enacted the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 primarily in response to:
56. Following the end of World War I, Congress rejected membership in the League of Nations primarily based on which of the following considerations?
Objective 0015: Understand major political, economic, and social developments in U.S. history from 1945 to the present.57. Which of the following best describes how Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. contributed to the success of the civil rights movement?
58. Which of the following factors contributed most to the growth of Sunbelt cities after World War II?
59. During the Cold War, U.S. foreign policymakers' concerns relating to the domino theory were most substantiated by developments in:
60. Which of the following best summarizes the goals of the Great Society?
Objective 0016: Understand major events, individuals, themes, and developments in Washington State history.61. The growth of San Francisco most influenced which of the following developments in Washington during the territorial period?
62. Which of the following best describes the significance of the Boldt Decision (1974) for the people of Washington?
63. Public opinion turned against the Seattle General Strike of 1919 relatively quickly largely because of the:
64. During the 1970s, which of the following economic trends occurred in Washington State as part of a larger national trend?
World HistoryObjective 0017: Understand the development of major world civilizations from 8000 BCE to 600 CE.65. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the diffusion of Hellenistic culture throughout Southwest Asia after the decline of the Greek city-states in the fourth century BCE?
66. Iron smelting sites dating from as early as 500 BCE have been found in both east Africa and west Africa, although the two regions are 1500 to 2000 miles apart. Which of the following most likely accounts for the existence of these widely separated sites?
67. The philosophical principles of Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism may best be understood in the context of the:
68. Which of the following statements best explains the means by which Roman territorial expansion occurred during the period of the Republic?
Objective 0018: Understand major developments in world history from 600 to 1600.69. Muslim scholars during the era of Islamic expansion from the seventh to the eleventh centuries CE made their greatest contributions in their:
70. Which of the following best describes an important consequence of the Reformation for European civilization?
71. Elites in Maya, Aztec, and Inca societies all based their political authority on:
72. Which of the following best illustrates a long-term effect of the Black Death on society in Western Europe?
Objective 0019: Understand major developments in world history during the Era of Global Expansion and Encounter (1450 to 1750).73. Use the map below to answer the question that follows. A blank map of the landmasses of the world is shown. Three shaded regions include the easternmost one-fifth of South America and a strip along the coast of southwestern Africa and a strip along the coast of southeastern Africa west of the island of Madagascar. The shaded regions on the map above represent the locations of colonies controlled during the mid-eighteenth century by which of the following nations?
74. Throughout much of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867), Japanese rulers adopted an isolationist foreign policy. Their primary reason for restricting contact with other nations was to:
75. Which of the following motives best explains the maritime voyages of exploration undertaken by several European powers during the period 1450 to 1750?
76. Read the excerpt below from a letter written by an inhabitant of the island of Jamaica to a member of the British Parliament in 1745; then answer the question that follows. [A planter in Jamaica] must have a house to live in, and furniture, and clothes, and other necessaries for himself and his family, servants and slaves. To build his house he must have materials from England ... and his furniture and clothing entirely from England. And as the climate is excessively hot, for the convenience of their wives and children, those who can afford it have coaches, chariots, chaises and other such conveniences to accommodate themselves; and all from England. The excerpt provides evidence of which of the following developments during the eighteenth century?
Objective 0020: Understand major developments in world history during the Age of Revolutions (1750 to 1914).77. Use the excerpt below from an 1815 letter by Simón Bolívar to answer the question that follows. We were, as I have just explained, virtually removed from the world in relation to the science of government and administration of the state. We were never viceroys or governors, save in exceptional circumstances; seldom archbishops and bishops; diplomats never; in the army, only subordinates; as nobles, without royal privileges. In brief, we were neither magistrates nor financiers and seldom merchants—all in direct contravention of our institutions. The excerpt above can best be used to show the influence of which of the following ideals of the French Revolution on leaders of the Latin American independence movement?
78. Which of the following best describes an important factor that enabled industrialization to proceed more swiftly in Great Britain than in France or Germany during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
79. The establishment of the British sphere of influence over Egypt during the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by which of the following strategic goals?
80. The difficulties faced by those pursuing efforts at modernization in China during the late nineteenth century may best be explained by:
Objective 0021: Understand major developments in world history during the modern era (1914 to the present).81. The two major figures in the Chinese Civil War of the late 1940s—Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek—differed most in their approach to which of the following questions?
82. In which of the following ways has the increasingly widespread use of computers contributed most to the cultural and intellectual integration of the world?
83. In contrast with the majority of former European colonies in Africa, the process of decolonization in Algeria, Kenya, and Zimbabwe/Rhodesia was complicated by significant conflict primarily because of:
84. Read the excerpt below from a speech delivered by U.S. President Harry S. Truman in 1947; then answer the question that follows.
Which of the following developments in Europe resulted directly from the policy priorities expressed in the excerpt?
Social Studies Concepts and SkillsObjective 0022: Understand and apply social studies terms, concepts, and perspectives.85. Which of the following places three major eras or developments in world history in correct chronological order?
86. A historian would most likely use the term liberal to describe an eighteenth-century political theorist who:
87. Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. The sixteenth-century Italian artist and critic Giorgio Vasari and the nineteenth-century historians Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt are the figures most associated with describing and defining the Renaissance in European history. In general, they saw the Renaissance as an era that celebrated the rebirth of the classical Greek and Roman forms and ideals in the sciences, arts, and humanities. They wrote of the Renaissance as representing a break from the relative darkness and stagnation of medieval period, and setting the stage for further progress in the later modern period of history. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the general trend among historians has been to modify the understanding of Vasari, Michelet, and Burckhardt by placing a greater emphasis on:
88. Which of the following statements best describes a cause-and-effect relationship between two major developments in the history of South America?
Objective 0023: Understand how to locate social studies information.89. A researcher who is studying patterns of late twentieth-century Mexican immigration to the United States would likely find data about changes in which of the following most useful?
90. A social science researcher would most likely use content or textual analysis to examine which of the following questions?
91. A historian studying the rise of authoritarian governments in the 1920s and 1930s would most likely consult information from public addresses to answer which of the following questions?
92. Which of the following references most likely cites a secondary reference source?
Objective 0024: Understand methods for analyzing and interpreting social studies information and applying critical reasoning to evaluate presentations of social studies data.93. Use the chart below to answer the question that follows.
Based on information presented in the chart, it is reasonable to conclude that:
94. A political scientist studying voting behavior in a certain Congressional district notices that the turnout of voters younger than age 30 has been trending downward during the same interval that the amount of campaign spending on advertising has been trending upward. This evidence is adequate to support which of the following conclusions?
95. Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. The administration of Franklin Roosevelt faced many challenges, but few as difficult or as consequential as how to conduct foreign policy in Europe as that continent descended into war in the years 1938 through 1940. As Germany's acts of aggression toward its neighbors became increasingly bold, even turning to outright invasion in the case of Poland in September 1939, Roosevelt faced a series of choices. He could continue to do nothing and in effect appease Germany's provocations, or he could launch the unwilling people of the United States into a world war that would inevitably lead to enormous loss of life. In the view of many at the time, Roosevelt made the wrong choice, until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, abruptly changed the direction of U.S. policy. The passage best illustrates which of the following logical fallacies?
Objective 0025: Understand methods for presenting social studies information, communicating about social studies topics, and deliberating effectively with others.96. A pie chart would best be used to convey which of the following kinds of information?
97. Use the social science research question below to answer the question that follows. Why did labor unions lose influence in U.S. politics during the second half of the twentieth century? Which of the following offers the best evaluation of this research question?
98. Which of the following statements, if included in a persuasive essay on a social studies issue, would most clearly indicate the presence of a counterclaim or counterargument?
Multiple-Objectives PassagesRead the passage below; then answer the questions that follow. Of the many weaknesses of the U.S. economy of the 1920s, the banking system was doubtless the greatest. During the decade, more banks in the United States failed than in any other industrial nation in the world. One of the system's major shortcomings was its structure. There were numerous independent banks that lacked the assets to withstand a serious jolt to the general economy. When one or several of these banks went under, the assets of other banks with which they did business were compromised. This naturally worried their depositors, and the more worried they became, the more likely they were to withdraw their savings. In short, it was a situation in which a relatively small number of bank failures could touch off a chain reaction that reverberated through the whole system. 99. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main interpretation in the passage?
100. Based on the information presented in the passage, the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?
Which statement best describes the concept of Manifest Destiny quizlet?Which statement best describes the doctrine of manifest destiny? God expected white Americans to expand across the continent and spread democratic ideals.
What belief was behind Manifest Destiny?The philosophy describing the necessary expansion of the nation westward was called Manifest Destiny; the belief that it was our duty to settle the continent, conquer and prosper.
What are 3 reasons for Manifest Destiny?Weeks noted in 1996 that three key themes were usually touched upon by advocates of manifest destiny: the virtue of the American people and their institutions; the mission to spread these institutions, thereby redeeming and remaking the world in the image of the United States; the destiny under God to do this work.
Who created Manifest Destiny?Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan coined the term "manifest destiny" in 1845 to describe the essence of this mindset. A symbol of Manifest Destiny, the figure "Columbia" moves across the land in advance of settlers, replacing darkness with light and ignorance with civilization.
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