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C is a general-purpose programming language created by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972.

It is a very popular language, despite being old.

C is strongly associated with UNIX, as it was developed to write the UNIX operating system.

Why Learn C?

• It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
• If you know C, you will have no problem learning other popular programming languages such as Java, Python, C++, C#, etc, as the syntax is similar
• C is very fast, compared to other programming languages, like Java and Python
• C is very versatile; it can be used in both applications and technologies

Difference between C and C++

• C++ was developed as an extension of C, and both languages have almost the same syntax
• The main difference between C and C++ is that C++ support classes and objects, while C does not

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This tutorial will teach you the very basics of C.

It is not necessary to have any prior programming experience.

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C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie as a system programming language to write operating system. The main features of C language include low-level access to memory, simple set of keywords, and clean style, these features make C language suitable for system programming like operating system or compiler development.

Recent Articles on C !
C Output & Multiple Choice Questions

Basics, Variable Declaration, Definition and Scope, Data Types, Storage Classes, Input/Output, Operators, Preprocessor, Array & Strings, Control Statements, Functions, Pointers, Enum, Struct and Union, Memory Management, File Handling, Puzzles, Misc, C Language Interview Questions, Multiple Choice Questions

Functions:

Pointers:

Enum, Struct and Union:

Memory Management:

File Handling:

Puzzles:

Misc:

1. Quine – A self-reproducing program
2. Complicated declarations in C
3. Use of bool in C
4. Sequence Points in C | Set 1
5. Optimization Techniques | Set 2 [swapping],
6. ASCII NUL, ASCII 0 [’0?] and Numeric literal 0
7. Little and Big Endian Mystery,
8. Comparator function of qsort[] in C
9. Program to validate an IP address
10. Multithreading in C
11. Assertions in C/C++
12. fork[] in C
13. Interesting Facts in C Programming
14. Precision of floating point numbers in C++ [floor[], ceil[], trunc[], round[] and setprecision[]]
15. setjump[] and longjump[] in C
16. nextafter[] and nexttoward[] in C/C++
17. pthread_cancel[] in C
18. pthread_equal[] in C
19. pthread_self[] in C
20. Local Labels in C
21. lvalue and rvalue in C
22. Get and set the stack size of thread attribute
23. Difference between fork[] and exec[]
24. Errors in C/C++
25. Why is C considered faster than other languages
26. Incompatibilities between C and C++
27. Convert C/C++ code to assembly language
28. Error Handling in C
29. Executing main[] in C/C++ : Behind the scene
30. Hygienic Macros in C
31. Command line arguments in C/C++
32. scanf[], fscanf[], sscanf[], scanf_s[], fscanf_s[], sscanf_s[]
33. Some Interesting Facts in C Programming
34. Database Connectivity using C/C++
35. Function Interposition in C
36. Macros vs Functions
37. Write your own memcpy[] and memmove[]

C Language Interview Questions

C/C++ Programs

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C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed as a system programming language to write an operating system. The main features of the C language include low-level memory access, a simple set of keywords, and a clean style, these features make C language suitable for system programmings like an operating system or compiler development. Many later languages have borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from the C language. Like syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, and many other languages are mainly based on the C language. C++ is nearly a superset of C language [Few programs may compile in C, but not in C++]. 

Beginning with C programming: 

 

1. Structure of a C program After the above discussion, we can formally assess the structure of a C program. By structure, it is meant that any program can be written in this structure only. Writing a C program in any other structure will hence lead to a Compilation Error.The structure of a C program is as follows:

1. The components of the above structure are: 
   1. Header Files Inclusion: The first and foremost component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C program. A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files.

      Some of C Header files: 

      • stddef.h – Defines several useful types and macros.
      • stdint.h – Defines exact width integer types.
      • stdio.h – Defines core input and output functions
      • stdlib.h – Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random network generator, memory allocation
      • string.h – Defines string handling functions
      • math.h – Defines common mathematical functions
   2. Main Method Declaration: The next part of a C program is to declare the main[] function. The syntax to declare the main function is:
      Syntax to Declare the main method: 
       

int main[] {}

1.  
2. Variable Declaration: The next part of any C program is the variable declaration. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the function. Please note that in the C program, no variable can be used without being declared. Also in a C program, the variables are to be declared before any operation in the function.
   Example: 
    

int main[] { int a; . .

1.  
2. Body: The body of a function in the C program, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It can be anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, printing, etc.
   Example: 
    

int main[] { int a; printf["%d", a]; . .

1.  
2. Return Statement: The last part of any C program is the return statement. The return statement refers to the returning of the values from a function. This return statement and return value depend upon the return type of the function. For example, if the return type is void, then there will be no return statement. In any other case, there will be a return statement and the return value will be of the type of the specified return type.
   Example: 
    

int main[] { int a; printf["%d", a]; return 0; }

1.  
2. Writing first program: Following is first program in C

1. Let us analyze the program line by line. 
   Line 1: [ #include ] In a C program, all lines that start with # are processed by a preprocessor which is a program invoked by the compiler. In a very basic term, the preprocessor takes a C program and produces another C program. The produced program has no lines starting with #, all such lines are processed by the preprocessor. In the above example, the preprocessor copies the preprocessed code of stdio.h to our file. The .h files are called header files in C. These header files generally contain declarations of functions. We need stdio.h for the function printf[] used in the program. 
   Line 2 [ int main[void] ] There must be a starting point from where execution of compiled C program begins. In C, the execution typically begins with the first line of main[]. The void written in brackets indicates that the main doesn’t take any parameter [See this for more details]. main[] can be written to take parameters also. We will be covering that in future posts. 
   The int was written before main indicates return type of main[]. The value returned by main indicates the status of program termination. See this post for more details on the return type.
   Line 3 and 6: [ { and } ] In C language, a pair of curly brackets define scope and are mainly used in functions and control statements like if, else, loops. All functions must start and end with curly brackets. 
   Line 4 [ printf[“GeeksQuiz”]; ] printf[] is a standard library function to print something on standard output. The semicolon at the end of printf indicates line termination. In C, a semicolon is always used to indicate end of a statement. 
   Line 5 [ return 0; ] The return statement returns the value from main[]. The returned value may be used by an operating system to know the termination status of your program. The value 0 typically means successful termination. 
    
2. How to execute the above program: 
   In order to execute the above program, we need to first compile it using a compiler and then we can run the generated executable. There are online IDEs available for free like //ide.geeksforgeeks.org/, //ideone.com/, or //codepad.org/ that can be used to start development in C without installing a compiler.
   Windows: There are many free IDEs available for developing programs in C like Code Blocks and Dev-CPP. IDEs provide us with environment to develop code, compile it and finally execute it. We strongly recommend Code Blocks.
   Linux: gcc compiler comes bundled with Linux which compiles C programs and generates executable for us to run. Code Blocks can also be used with Linux. 
    

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above
 

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