In a 2012 survey by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, more than 30% of adults indicated they used healthcare approaches that were not typically part of conventional medical care or that had origins outside of Western practice. These included therapies ranging from acupuncture and massage to music listening and meditation.
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In a recent research project, Sandra L. Siedlecki, PhD, RN, APRN-CNS, FAAN, set out to study if complementary and alternative therapies, which continue to gain in popularity, are utilized in nursing practice. “I wanted to look at what complementary and alternative therapies clinical nurses are using and what academic nurses are teaching clinical nurses to use,” says Siedlecki, senior nurse scientist in Cleveland Clinic’s Office of Nursing Research and Innovation. “Essentially, we set out to see what nurses do, what academic nurses know and, when you compare the two, does one influence the other.”
Study design and methods
The study examined 28 therapies commonly used around the world and recognized by the National Institutes of Health. “Complementary therapies are therapies used in addition to traditional medicine, and alternative therapies are therapies used in place of traditional medicine,” says Siedlecki.
Siedlecki sent a survey to 1,000 clinical and academic nurses nationwide asking simple questions about each of the 28 complementary and alternative therapies, including the following:
- Do you use this therapy personally?
- Is this therapy within nursings’ scope of your practice?
- Do you teach this therapy in a course in nursing school?
- Is there enough evidence to use this therapy?
More than 450 nurses completed the survey, with 60% of the total responses from academic nurses and 40% from clinical nurses.
Results of the study
One of the biggest findings of the survey was that personal use of complementary and alternative therapies was high, while use in clinical practice and content taught in nursing school was low. “The majority of nurses use at least one complementary therapy personally, but we aren’t using it with our patients,” says Siedlecki. Therapies cited frequently for personal use included music listening, massage and aromatherapy.
Results between academic and clinical nurses did not differ significantly. “Although academic nurses used complementary and alternative therapies more than clinical nurses and perceived that they were a little more knowledgeable, both groups believed that lack of knowledge was the reason they either did not use complementary and alternative therapies in practice or do not teach them in nursing school,” says Siedlecki.
Based on findings of the survey, complementary and alternative therapies being used most often in clinical practice were those being taught in nursing school, including hot and cold application, exercise and diet.
Implications for practice
“There are a lot of complementary and alternative therapies available for use, such as music listening, that have a lot of evidence to support use in regards to specific outcomes – for example, sleep, pain, depression and anxiety – but they are rarely used in clinical practice,” says Siedlecki. “There is a lot of room for us to improve.”
In 2005, results of a study convened by the Institute of Medicine were published in the report Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States. One of the recommendations was that curricula of conventional health professional schools should include complementary and alternative medicine.
“There are many facilitators and barriers to the use of complementary and alternative therapies, but it really comes down to a knowledge problem,” says Siedlecki. “There needs to be more emphasis placed on providing faculty with a good knowledge base on the use of complementary and alternative therapies. If faculty are comfortable teaching complementary and alternative therapies to students, including evidence that supports its use, more nurses will be comfortable using it in clinical practice.”
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Abstract: One objective of Healthy People 2010 is to increase both quality and years of healthy life. Complementary and alternative medicine [CAM] encompasses strategies that can help individuals meet this goal. CAM includes therapies such as acupuncture, dietary supplements, reflexology, yoga, massage, chiropractic services, Reiki, and aromatherapy. Many CAM therapies focus on the concept of energy. The literature describes the use of CAM in individuals with neurological diseases such as dementias, multiple sclerosis, neuropathies, spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. Nurses have a unique opportunity to provide services that facilitate wholeness. They need to understand all aspects of CAM, including costs, patient knowledge, and drug interactions, if they are to promote holistic strategies for patients seeking to achieve a higher quality of life.
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Complementary and alternative medicine [CAM] is a group of diverse medical and healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine [National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [NCCAM], 2004]. CAM is sometimes called mind-body medicine because it is an approach to healing that uses the power of thought and emotions to positively influence physical health [USADrug, 2005]. Complementary therapies are interventions used with conventional or traditional therapies. Alternative therapies are interventions used instead of conventional medicine for the purpose of treating or ameliorating disease. Both focus on the body, mind, and spirit. They include acupuncture, acupressure, dietary supplements, homeopathic medicine, meditation, reflexology, yoga, aromatherapy, energy medicine, massage, Reiki, and therapeutic touch.
NCCAM [2004] delineates five categories of CAM:
* Alternative medical systems are built upon complementary systems of theory and practice [e.g., homeopathic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine].
* Body-mind interventions are techniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect the body [e.g., support groups, cognitive-behavioral therapy, prayer, music].
* Biologically based therapies incorporate substances found in nature [e.g., herbs, foods, vitamins, dietary supplements].
* Manipulative and body-based therapies are based on manipulation or movement of one or more body parts [e.g., chiropractic manipulation, massage].
* Energy-based therapies use energy fields [e.g., Reiki, therapeutic touch, the use of magnets].
This article discusses the focus of CAM therapies and reviews the use of CAM in neuroscience populations. CAM nursing interventions are suggested and presented within a case study.
The Focus of CAM
The purpose of CAM therapies is to heal. Nurses are natural healers; in partnership with patients, they restore balance and integrity to patients' minds and bodies. Consequently, both the quality and quantity of patients' years of life can be increased, as suggested by Healthy People 2010 [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000]. CAM therapies are noninvasive, often cost less than traditional interventions, and utilize the innate healing abilities of healthcare practitioners. Use of CAM therapies may be limited by insurance companies and viewed cautiously by both healthcare providers and patients because of limited evidence and the nontraditional characteristics of CAM.
Many CAM therapies focus on the concept of energy. The body is viewed as an energy system that has meridians or energy transport systems as well as chakras or energy centers [Eden,...
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Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, WK Health
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Gale Document Number: GALE|A150366888