The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins
382 solutions
Medical Language for Modern Health Care
4th EditionDavid M Allan, Rachel Basco
2,732 solutions
Integrated Electronic Health Records
4th EditionAmy Ensign, M Beth Shanholtzer
485 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric
2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses
661 solutions
Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking
1st EditionCarol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses
1,697 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C
David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith
304 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
8th EditionGloria Leifer
298 solutions
Cardiovascular Physiology
9th EditionDavid Mohrman, Lois Heller
135 solutions
Medical Assisting Review: Passing the CMA, RMA, and CCMA Exams
7th EditionJahangir Moini
1,975 solutions
Upgrade to remove ads
Only SGD 41.99/year
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
Terms in this set [50]
Which of the following features are often components of CPAP systems incorporated within infant ventilators?
I. Highly responsive demand flow systems
II. Apnea backup breaths
III. FiO2 compensation mechanism
IV. Leak compensation capabilities
a. I, and II only
b. II and III only
c. III and IV
d. I, II, and
IV
d. I, II, and IV
Which form of CPAP has been associated with a "thoracic wiggle"? a. IF-CPAP [infant flow CPAP
b. MV-CPAP [mechanical ventilator CPAP]
c. B-CPAP [bubble CPAP]
d. V-CPAP [ventilator-derived CPAP]
c. B-CPAP [bubble CPAP]
When nasal cannulas are used in infants at high flows, which factors determine
the amount of pressure to the airways?
I. Flow rate
II. Size of the leak around the cannula
III. Degree of the mouth opening
IV. FiO2
a. I and II only
b. III and IV only
c. II, III, and IV only
d. I, II, and III only
d. I, II, and III only
After initiating IF-CPAP in an infant at 8 cm H2O, the therapist notices a low-pressure alarm. What should be done to correct this situation?
a. Correct the leak by placing a chin trap.
b. Change to a smaller cannula.
c. Increase the flow through the CPAP system.
d. Change the flow generator.
a. Correct the leak by placing a chin trap.
How should a therapist determine the size of the nasal prongs to effectively administer CPAP to infants?
a. The prongs should occlude only 50% of the external nares diameter.
b. The
prongs should occlude at least 75% of the external nares diameter.
c. The prongs should occlude 100% of the external nares diameter with minimal blanching.
d. The prongs should occlude 100% of the external nares diameter without blanching.
d. The prongs should occlude 100% of the external nares diameter without blanching.
Weaning strategies from CPAP include which of the following?
I. Decreasing CPAP
to a predefined level of airway pressure and then stopping CPAP completely
II. Removing CPAP for a predetermined number of hours each day and gradually increasing the amount of time off CPAP each day until it can be stopped completely
III. Complete removal if vital signs stable
IV. Stopping CPAP and starting high-flow heated humidified air/oxygen via nasal cannula
a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. I, II, and IV only
d. I, II, and IV only
A child with a chronic disorder complicated by alveolar hypoventilation is placed on intermittent NIV at night. What is the primary goal of this therapy?
a. To decrease the work of breathing
b. To decrease the need for inserting an endotracheal tube
c. To improve the quality of sleep and reduce daytime symptoms
d. To improve arterial oxygenation
c. To improve the quality of sleep and reduce daytime symptoms
What is considered the most successful therapeutic condition where NIV can be used in children?
a. Treatment of hypoxemic exacerbation of children with chronic neuromuscular disorders
b. Treatment of hypercapnic exacerbation of children with chronic neuromuscular disorders
c. Treatment of exacerbation of children with acute asthma attacks
d. Treatment of exacerbation of
children with pulmonary edema due to congenital heart defects
b. Treatment of hypercapnic exacerbation of children with chronic neuromuscular disorders
In what particular setting has long-term use of NIV on children with cystic fibrosis been successful?
a. As a bridge to transplantation
b. As the routine treatment for bronchopulmonary hygiene
c. As the primary indication for reduction of
exacerbations
d. As the primary treatment of hypoventilation
a. As a bridge to transplantation
When a bilevel ventilator is used in the spontaneous/timed mode, at what point does the ventilator employ the timed feature?
a. During exhalation
b. To terminate inspiration
c. Throughout the ventilatory cycle
d. Only in the event of prolonged apnea
d. Only in the event of prolonged apnea
Which of the following NIV interfaces should the therapist consider when a child complains of discomfort with a nasal mask?
I. Oronasal mask
II. Nasal plugs
III. Helmet
IV. Nasal pillows
a. I and II only
b. I and III only
c. II and IV only
d. III and IV only
c. II and IV only
What is the only
absolute contraindication to a trial of NIV in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress?
a. Cardiovascular instability
b. Nasopharyngeal obstruction
c. Inability to handle oral secretions
d. Extreme agitation or anxiety
a. Cardiovascular instability
Which of the following are indications for HFV?
a. Diffuse, heterogeneous lung disease
b. Existing pulmonary air leak syndrome
c. Severe bronchiolitis
d. PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 300
b. Existing pulmonary air leak syndrome
During volume-controlled ventilation, which of the following factors influences the peak inspiratory pressure?
a. Pulmonary capillary perfusion
b. Ventilation-perfusion relationships
c. Pulmonary compliance
d. Volume compressed in the ventilatory circuit at end inspiration
c. Pulmonary compliance
Which of the following modes of ventilation attempts to maintain a minimum target tidal volume with a constant pressure by manipulating the inspiratory flow?
a. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation [SIMV]
b. Pressure support ventilation [PSV]
c. Volume-assured pressure support [VAPS]
d. Pressure-regulated volume control [PRVC]
d. Pressure-regulated volume control [PRVC]
Enhanced diffusion in HFV is a function of which of the following factors?
a. Inspiratory flow
b. Plateau pressure
c. Inspiratory time
d. Respiratory frequency
d. Respiratory frequency
How is the high-volume strategy achieved when the goal is to deliver a high lung volume to a neonate receiving HFV?
a. By increasing the
continuous distending pressure
b. By reducing the peak-trough pressure gradient
c. By increasing the expiratory flow resistance
d. By decreasing the mean airway pressure
a. By increasing the continuous distending pressure
On the basis of the following flow/time scalar, which of the following conditions has developed?
a. Trigger dyssynchrony
b. Excess tidal volume
c. Air trapping
d.
Ventilator circuit leak
c. Air trapping
During high-frequency ventilation, as the diameter of the ETT increases, what happens to the delivered tidal volume under the same pressure settings?
a. It does not change.
b. It increases.
c. It increases only if compliance changes.
d. It decreases.
b. It increases.
Which of the following adjustments should the therapist consider to improve ventilation on a patient undergoing HFV?
a. Increase frequency
b. Increase
c, Increase inspiratory time
d. Decrease frequency
d. Decrease frequency
During HFOV, which of the following factors has a direct influence on a neonate's delivered tidal volume?
a. Frequency
b. Oscillatory amplitude
c. Peak inspiratory
pressure
d. IPAP and EPAP
c. Peak inspiratory pressure
The therapist is conducting a ventilator check for a neonate and makes the following notations on the ventilator flow sheet:
PEEP: 5 cm H2O Peak inspiratory pressure [PIP]: 25 cm H2O Mandatory rate: 15 breaths per minute FiO2: 0.35 On the basis of these observations, what should the therapist recommend for this neonate?
a. Shunt study
b.
Weaning from mechanical ventilation
c. Inhaled nitric oxide
d. High-frequency ventilation
b. Weaning from mechanical ventilation
How is the radiographic assessment of neonatal lung volume performed?
a. Counting the number of anterior ribs above the diaphragm b.Counting the number of posterior ribs above the diaphragm c.Counting the number of posterior ribs below the clavicle
d. Counting the
number of anterior ribs below the clavicle
b.Counting the number of posterior ribs above the diaphragm
Which of the following substances prevents the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
a. Intracellular cGMP
b. EDRF
c. cGMP-dependent kinase
d. Calmodulin
c. cGMP-dependent kinase
What is the
primary physiologic activity of inhaled nitric oxide?
a. Bronchodilation
b. Pulmonary vasodilation
c. Systemic vasodilation
d. Cerebral vasodilation
b. Pulmonary vasodilation
Which of the following medications contributes to an increased right-to-left intrapulmonary shunting?
a. Dobutamine
b. Dopamine
c. Prostacyclin
d. Prostaglandin A
c. Prostacyclin
The respiratory therapist has initiated iNO at 20 ppm for an infant with pulmonary hypertension. After 2 hours a blood gas test reveals a 10% improvement in SaO2. What should the therapist do?
a. Keep iNO at 20 ppm and wait at least 2 hours before considering any change.
b. Increase iNO to 30 ppm and keep the same FiO2.
c. Keep iNO at 20 ppm and wean the FiO2 by 10%.
d. Increase iNO to 30 ppm with no changes in FiO2.
a. Keep iNO at 20 ppm and wait at least 2 hours before considering any change.
The respiratory therapist has initiated nitric oxide for an infant with severe refractory hypoxemia. The initial dose was 20 ppm and titrated up to 30 ppm for the last 1 hour due to lack of response. However, there still is no response. What should the therapist do?
a. Increase iNO to 40 ppm
b. Increase iNO to 60 ppm
c. Increase iNO
to 80 ppm
d. Discontinue iNO and consider a different therapeutic intervention
d. Discontinue iNO and consider a different therapeutic intervention
Inhaled NO has been administered to an infant for nearly 2 hours. The respiratory therapist notices suboptimal response and suggests HFOV. What is the principle behind the potential benefit of adding this ventilatory modality to this infant?
a. HFOV
improves ventilation and reduces the formation of NO2. b.Lung volumes are optimized with HFOV and further enhance the effects of iNO.
c. The high frequency accelerates the diffusion of NO through the alveolar surface.
d. HFOV reduces the need for higher doses of iNO.
b.Lung volumes are optimized with HFOV and further enhance the effects of iNO.
An infant has been receiving iNO for the last 3 days. Which important level should be monitored when ordering a co-oximetry?
a. Methemoglobin
b. Carboxyhemoglobin
c. Reduced hemoglobin
d. Oxyhemoglobin
a. Methemoglobin
The therapist is using an oxygen flowmeter to deliver an 80:20 heliox mixture to a patient. The reading on the flowmeter is 10 L/minute. What is the actual flow received by the patient?
a. 5.5 L/minute
b. 10 L/minute
c. 12.5
L/minute
d. 18 L/minute
d. 18 L/minute
The therapist is treating a very irritable young child with upper airway obstruction. Which oxygen device will be the most appropriate to administer the greatest concentration of helium?
a.Close-fitting nonrebreathing mask
b. Close-fitting partial rebreathing mask
c. Nasal cannula
d. High-flow nasal cannula
a.Close-fitting nonrebreathing mask
The therapist is evaluating a small tachypneic infant receiving heliox mixture 70:30 through an infant hood. Although the SpO2 has improved, the child shows signs of worsening work of breathing. What is the most probable mechanism to explain this situation?
a. The FiHe is too low in a 70:30 mixture to change work of breathing in this infant
b. The flow going through the infant hood is inadequate.
c. A greater
concentration of helium is present at the top of the hood and away from the infant's nose and mouth.
d. The infant is breathing too fast; thus heliox is not reaching the airways.
d. The infant is breathing too fast; thus heliox is not reaching the airways.
The therapist is performing a routine assessment and ventilator check on a patient who is receiving heliox near the wye adapter of the ventilator circuit.
He notices a serious discrepancy between the set tidal and the exhaled volume. What should the therapist do to correct this situation?
a. Administer heliox through the heliox-approved inlet of the mechanical ventilator.
b. Add a 16-inch piece of corrugated tubing between the wye adapter and the place on the inspiratory limb where heliox is administered.
c. Reduce the liter flow on the heliox.
d. Adjust ventilator settings to compensate for the lower viscosity of
heliox.
a. Administer heliox through the heliox-approved inlet of the mechanical ventilator.
A patient who has been admitted with status asthmaticus is receiving beta adrenergics every 2 hours and heliox with very limited response. What should the therapist suggest at this time?
a. Change heliox to 100% helium.
b. Administer nitrogen.
c. Administer inhaled anesthetics.
d. Adjust ventilator
settings to compensate for the lower viscosity of heliox.
c. Administer inhaled anesthetics.
Which of the following inhaled anesthetics should the therapist recommend to administer via a face mask to a conscious, spontaneously breathing pediatric patient who has status asthmaticus?
a. Isoflurane
b. Enflurane
c. Sevoflurane
d. Halothane
d. Halothane
A neonate on mechanical ventilation with respiratory distress has a PaO2 of 50 mm Hg, a of 20 cm H2O and FiO2 of 0.8. Why should the therapist suggest therapies other than ECMO?
a. The FiO2 is not 1.0 yet.
b. The Paw is not high enough to justify ECMO.
c. The OI does not meet ECMO criteria.
d. The PaO2 is within normal limits.
c. The OI does not meet ECMO criteria.
Which
of the following strategies is greatly responsible for decreasing the need for ECMO in neonates?
a. High-flow oxygen therapy
b. Pressure control ventilation
c. Heliox
d. HFOV
d. HFOV
Which of the following conditions is considered contraindications for neonatal ECMO?
a. Meconium aspiration
b. Less than 2 kg of weight
c. Prolonged mechanical ventilation [7-10 days]
d. Less than 36
weeks of gestation
b. Less than 2 kg of weight
Which of the following conditions are cardiac applications of ECMO? I. High cardiac output syndrome
II. Cardiac arrest
III. Preoperative stabilization
IV. Cardiomyopathy
a. I and II only
b. III and IV only
c. II, III, and IV only
d. I, II, III, and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV
Which of the following statements describes venoarterial ECMO?
a. A cannula is inserted into the subclavian vein for the removal of blood.
b. Blood is removed from the venous circulation through the external jugular vein.
c. Blood returns to the heart through the subclavian artery
d. A cannula is inserted into the right common carotid artery for arterial return.
d. A cannula is inserted into the right common carotid artery for arterial return.
During administration of venovenous ECMO, the therapist notices that the SvO2 is greater than SaO2. What is the best explanation to this phenomenon?
a. The blood flow through the pump is too slow.
b. Recirculation is excessive.
c. Native cardiac output has increased.
d. iNO is being administered concomitantly.
c. Native cardiac output has increased.
What are the major advantages of venovenous ECMO?
a. Carotid artery ligation is not required.
b. Cardiovascular support is uninvolved.
c. It is less expensive than VA ECMO.
d. It is less expensive than VA ECMO.
b. Cardiovascular support is uninvolved.
The therapist should evaluate raceway occlusion because too much roller tension could be associated with which of the
following events?
a. Inadequate flow
b. Increased bladder tension
c. Hemolysis
d. Recirculation
c. Hemolysis
What is the advantage of having the centrifugal pump automatically respond to resistances against which it is pumping?
a. It avoids placing increased pressures on the heart.
b. It eliminates lowering pulmonary vascular pressures.
c. It maintains regulated flow through the
system.
d. It ensures that the blood flows smoothly through the membrane oxygenator.
c. It maintains regulated flow through the system.
Because the minimum flow rate required to remove condensation in the gas compartment usually results in excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, what should the therapist do?
a. Reduce pump flow.
b. Blend sweep gas with a carbogen mixture.
c. Reduce the amount
of oxygen blended in the sweep gas.
d. Add more oxygen to the sweep gas.
b. Blend sweep gas with a carbogen mixture.
What are the most common causes of a decrease in venous return in ECMO?
I. Hypervolemic state
II. Malpositioning of the venous cannula
III. Kinking of the cannula
IV. Shifting of the mediastinum
a. I and III only
b. II and III only
c. I, II, III, and IV only
d. II, III, and IV
c. I, II, III, and IV only
The therapist in charge of a patient on ECMO has noticed an increase in premembrane pressures. What is the most probable explanation?
a. Very high pump flow
b. Clotting in the circuit
c. Damage of the raceway
d. Excessive sweep flow
b. Clotting in the circuit
How can membrane malfunction be suspected?
a. Narrowing of the premembrane and postmembrane PaCO2 b.Widening of the premembrane and postmembrane PaO2
c. Presence of large clots in the circuit
d. Presence of air bubbles
a. Narrowing of the premembrane and postmembrane PaCO2
What is considered the most concerning complication of ECMO in the newborn?
a. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
b.
Pneumonia
c. Intracranial hemorrhage
d. Hemosiderosis
c. Intracranial hemorrhage
Sets with similar termsCardiopulmonary A&P Exam 1
111 terms
kit_lovell
Quiz 7 [Compliance/ Raw, PEEP, Autopeep, Modes inc…
101 terms
Will_Stewart8PLUS
Sets found in the same folderChapter 16 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of t…
43 terms
aminatene
Ch. 10: Oxygen Administration Neo/Peds
55 terms
Melissa_Duncan18
Neo/Peds ch 8
16 terms
brittany_pickard1
Neo/Peds ch 22
26 terms
brittany_pickard1
Other sets by this creatorA & P Exam 4
18 terms
Kaitlyn_Wingate4
TMH 1
5 terms
Kaitlyn_Wingate4
Pathophysiology Unit 2: Interstitial Lung Diseases
27 terms
Kaitlyn_Wingate4
Hemo Quiz
12 terms
Kaitlyn_Wingate4
Other Quizlet setsMacro 4 - Financial Sector
53 terms
morgan_scheible5
AP EXAM 3, A & P Exam 2, A & P Exam 1
500 terms
olive_1_2
Anatomy Exam III
62 terms
samweinhouse
Related questionsQUESTION
How are concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease?
15 answers
QUESTION
Who is the universal recipient of RBCs?
15 answers
QUESTION
A momentary conduction delay at the AV junction
11 answers
QUESTION
what is a third degree block
15 answers